Thanks for the paper!

I also greatly enjoyed your book: THE END OF TIME.

Loved your quote: "As Ernst Mach said (1883) [3]: It is utterly beyond our power to measure the changes of things by time ... time is an abstraction at which we arrive by means of the changes of things; made because we are not restricted to any one de¯nite measure, all being interconnected. Einstein, an...

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Thanks for the paper!

I also greatly enjoyed your book: THE END OF TIME.

Loved your quote: "As Ernst Mach said (1883) [3]: It is utterly beyond our power to measure the changes of things by time ... time is an abstraction at which we arrive by means of the changes of things; made because we are not restricted to any one de¯nite measure, all being interconnected. Einstein, an admirer, quoted this passage in his obituary of Mach, calling it a gem. Oddly, Einstein never directly attempted a Machian theory of time, but in fact such a theory of `time without time' sits hidden within the mathematics of his general theory of relativity [4], the foundation of modern classical physics."

Mach uses that word "change" twice, and yet it does not seem that change was ever woven into Einstein's and Minkowski's spacetime, until now.

Finally we have been liberated from frozen time and the block universe, with a simple postulate and equation--the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c, or dx4/dt=ic.

This naturally implies x4 = ict, and thus all of relativity may naturally be derived from this postualte and equation of Moving Dimensions Theory.

Give me a 4D universe where

x1=x

x2=y

x3=z

and

x4=ict

And all of relativity will naturally arise--all because of a fundamental invariant--dx4/dt=ic--the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.

Now a great thing about this hitherto unsung universal invariant--the expansion of the fourth dimension--is that as an invariant, it can also easily account for the slowing of light and time by gravity, as well as the gravitational redshift, as is done in the attached paper.

For the first time in the history of relativity, change has been woven into the fundamental fabric of spacetime with dx4/dt=ic.

Loved the Shakespeare quote too (from one of his sonnets), which tells us that change does indeed need to be woven into the fundamental fabric of spacetime, which is exactly what Moving Dimensions Theory does:

When forty winters shall besiege thy brow,

And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's ¯eld,

Thy youth's proud livery, so gazed on now,

Will be a tattered weed of small worth held.

Wheeler oft quoted Shakespeare. Modern physicists could benefit infinitely from a more classical liberal arts education--there's something about that heroic spirit, which underlies the advancement of art and science, that our academies are failing to teach these days.

I think you will enjoy my paper: Time as an Emergent Phenomenon: Traveling Back to the Heroic Age of Physics by Elliot McGucken :

http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/238

"In his 1912 Manuscript on Relativity, Einstein never stated that time is the fourth dimension, but rather he wrote x4 = ict. The fourth dimension is not time, but ict. Despite this, prominent physicists have oft equated time and the fourth dimension, leading to un-resolvable paradoxes and confusion regarding time’s physical nature, as physicists mistakenly projected properties of the three spatial dimensions onto a time dimension, resulting in curious concepts including frozen time and block universes in which the past and future are omni-present, thusly denying free will, while implying the possibility of time travel into the past, which visitors from the future have yet to verify. Beginning with the postulate that time is an emergent phenomenon resulting from a fourth dimension expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c, diverse phenomena from relativity, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics are accounted for. Time dilation, the equivalence of mass and energy, nonlocality, wave-particle duality, and entropy are shown to arise from a common, deeper physical reality expressed with dx4/dt=ic. This postulate and equation, from which Einstein’s relativity is derived, presents a fundamental model accounting for the emergence of time, the constant velocity of light, the fact that the maximum velocity is c, and the fact that c is independent of the velocity of the source, as photons are but matter surfing a fourth expanding dimension. In general relativity, Einstein showed that the dimensions themselves could bend, curve, and move. The present theory extends this principle, postulating that the fourth dimension is moving independently of the three spatial dimensions, distributing locality and fathering time. This physical model underlies and accounts for time in quantum mechanics, relativity, and statistical mechanics, as well as entropy, the universe’s expansion, and time’s arrows."

Thanks for the paper & all the best,

Dr. E (The Real McCoy)

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Hello All,

I am rather amazed and perplexed to read statements such as, "I agree that direct experience has often proved a hindrance to advance in science."

This is like George Bush's recent statement that to save the free market, he had to abandon free market principles.

Physics, and the quest for *physical* reality rooted in the senses and *physical* models has ever...

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Hello All,

I am rather amazed and perplexed to read statements such as, "I agree that direct experience has often proved a hindrance to advance in science."

This is like George Bush's recent statement that to save the free market, he had to abandon free market principles.

Physics, and the quest for *physical* reality rooted in the senses and *physical* models has ever advanced physics.

Do not take my word for it, but listen to those greats far greater than I.

"Gradually the conviction gained recognition that all knowledge about things is exclusively a working-over of the raw material furnished by the senses. ... Galileo and Hume first upheld this principle with full clarity and decisiveness." --(Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions)

"But before mankind could be ripe for a science which takes in the whole of reality, a second fundamental truth was needed, which only became common property among philosophers with the advent of Kepler and Galileo. Pure logical thinking cannot yield us any knowledge of the empirical world; all knowledge of reality starts form experience and ends in it. Propositions arrived at by purely logical means are completely empty as regards reality. Because Galileo saw this, and particularly because he drummed it into the scientific world, he is the father of modern physics -- indeed, of modern science altogether." --Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions

"I have hardly ever known a mathematician who was capable of reasoning."--Plato

The above quote is hanging in the Boston Museum of Science, and it seems to agree with Albert Einstein, Galileo, and Max Born:

http://www.ilfilosofo.com/blog/2008/04/12/plato-mathema
tician-quote/

"I personally like to regard a probability wave as a real thing, certainly as more than a tool for mathematical calculations. ... how could we rely on probability predictions if we do not refer to something real and objective? (Max Born on Quantum Theory)"

Max Born wrote, "All great discoveries in experimental physics have been made due to the intuition of men who made free use of models which for them were not products of the imagination but representations of real things."

To reject *physical* intuition and replace it with the nonsensical block universe MDT does away with seems to go exactly against the spirit by which physics has ever advanced, according to Galileo, Einstein, and other noble physicists.

It seems a preposterous conclusion that quantum mechanics, which works so very well, must be thrown out and reformulated for something which MDT shows there is no need for--the block universe.

"In the long run my observations have convinced me that some men, reasoning preposterously, first establish some conclusion in their minds which, either because of its being their own or because of their having received it from some person who has their entire confidence, impresses them so deeply that one finds it impossible ever to get it out of their heads. Such arguments in support of their fixed idea ... gain their instant acceptance and applause. On the other hand whatever is brought forward against it, however ingenious and conclusive, they receive with disdain or with hot rage - if indeed it does not make them ill. Beside themselves with passion, some of them would not be backward even about scheming to suppress and silence their adversaries. I have had some experience of this myself. ... No good can come of dealing with such people, especially to the extent that their company may be not only unpleasant but dangerous."--(Galileo Galilei)

"my dear Kepler, what do you think of the foremost philosophers of this University? In spite of my oft-repeated efforts and invitations, they have refused, with the obstinacy of a glutted adder, to look at the planets or Moon or my telescope." --Galileo Galilei

We must forver keep physical reality in the front and center, along with logic and reason and *physical* intuition--otherwise progress in physics will grind to a halt, as it has for the past thirty years.

Math can be very pretty, but Einstein reminds us that physicists ought pursue *physics,* founded in a physical reality--“Mathematics are well and good but nature keeps dragging us around by the nose.”"

"It is anomalous to replace the four-dimensional continuum by a five-dimensional one and then subsequently to tie up artificially one of those five dimensions in order to account for the fact that it does not manifest itself." –Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest. Just think what Einstein would have said about entire parallel universes we cannot see!

With an heroic spirit, MDT takes us back to origin of modern physics--to the original papers on relativity and QM, and it humbles itself upon that mountaintop. And when it comes on down, off the shoulders of relativity and QM's giants, MDT presents us with a fundamental view of reality that conforms to all experimental evidence, while not only resolving the paradoxes of the non-locality of the EPR effect and seemingly frozen time in Godel’s block universe, but also unifying the resolution of both physical curiosities within a simple physical postulate--the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, or dx4/dt = ic. In a sense, this is the first theory to predict QM's nonlocality and entanglement, by postulating that the fourth dimension is inherently nonlocal via its expansion--an empirical fact that the timeless, ageless, nonlocal photon agrees with, as the photon surfs the fourth expanding dimension. And not only does MDT predict this, but it also provides a *physical* model for entropy and time and all its arrows and assymetries throughout all realms. And finally, all of relativity may be derived from MDT's simple postulate, as it is in my paper--the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions--dx4/dt = ic. A postulate and an equation representing a novel *physical* feature of our universe--a fourth expanding dimension--and the natural, subsequent prediction of all of relativity, qm's nonlocality, entropy, time's arrows and assymetries in all realms, and quantum entanglement.

"I don't believe in mathematics."-- Quoted in Carl Seelig. Albert Einstein.

Do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics, I assure you that mine are greater. --Einstein

Geometry is not true, it is advantageous. --Jules H. Poincare

In Disturbing the Universe, Freeman Dyson writes, "Dick [Richard Feynman] fought back against my skepticism, arguing that Einstein had failed because he stopped thinking in concrete physical images and became a manipulator of equations. I had to admit that was true. The great discoveries of Einstein's earlier years were all based on direct physical intuition. Einstein's later unified theories failed because they were only sets of equations without physical meaning. Dick's sum-over-histories theory was in the spirit of the young Einstein, not of the old Einsetin. It was solidly rooted in physical reality." --Freeman Dyson

Smolin writes in TTWP that Bohr was not a Feynman “shut up and calculate” physicist, and from the above Dyson quote, it appears that Feynam wasn't either:

“Mara Beller, a historian who has studied his [Bohr's] work in detail, points out tha there was not a single calculation in his research notebooks, which were all verbal argumen and pictures.” --Smolin's The Trouble With Physics

In Dark Matters, Dr. Percy Seymour writes, "Albert Einstein was a great admirer of Newton, Farady, and Maxwell. In his office he had framed copies of portrtais of these scientists. He had this to say about Farady and Maxwell, in "Maxwell's Influence on the Development of the Concept of Physical Reality": "The greatest change in the axiamatic basis of physics--in other words, of our conception of the structure--since Newton laid the foundation of theoretical physics was brought about by Faraday's and Maxwell's work on electromagenetic phenomena" --p. 33-34, DARK MATTERS

In his book Einstein, Banesh Hoffman tells us: "Meanwhile, however, the English experimenter Michael Farady was making outstanding experimental discoveries in electricity and magnetism. Being largely self-taught and lacking mathemtical facility, he could not interpret his results in the manner of Ampere. And this was fortunate, since it led to a revolution in science. . . Ampere and others had conentrated their attention on the visible hardware--magnets, current-carrying wires, and the like--and on the numbers of centimeters separating the pieces of hardware. In so doing they were following the action-at-a-distance tradition that had devloped from teh enormous success of the Newtonian system of mechanics and law of gravitation. . .But Faraday regarded the hardware as secondary. For him the important physical events took place in the surrounding space--the filed. This, in his mind, he filled with tentacles that by their pulls and thrusts and motions gave rise to the electromagnetic effects observed. Although he could thus interpret his electromagnetic experiments with excellent precision and surprising simplicity, most physicists adept at methematics thought his concepts mathematically naive."--BANESH HOFFMAN, EINSTEIN

It is interesting that Einstein introduced relativity as a principle--as a primary law not deduced from anything else.

Well, I guess I was dumb enough to even ask, "why relativity?"

And I found the answer in a more fundamental invariance--the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, or dx4/dt = ic. Change is fundamentally embedded in space-time. And not only can all of relativity be derived from this, but suddenly we have a *physical* model for entropy, time and its arrows and assymetries in all realms, free will, and quantum nonlocality and entanglement.

Best,

Dr. E (The Real McCoy)

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Hello Julian! Hope all is well! I was wondering what your take might be on Lee Smolin's most recent comments-- reflecting his epic change of mind--that time is indeed now real.

It is great that Lee is coming around and seeing time as a *physically* real entity. MDT goes a step further in seeing time as a *physically* real entity that emerges because of a more fundamental, universal,...

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Hello Julian! Hope all is well! I was wondering what your take might be on Lee Smolin's most recent comments-- reflecting his epic change of mind--that time is indeed now real.

It is great that Lee is coming around and seeing time as a *physically* real entity. MDT goes a step further in seeing time as a *physically* real entity that emerges because of a more fundamental, universal, hitherto unsung *physical* invariant--the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at c:

In January 2009 Smolin wrote at The Edge, "THE LIBERATION OF TIME

I would like to describe a change in viewpoint, which I believe will alter how we think about everything from the most abstract questions on the nature of truth to the most concrete questions in our daily lives. This change comes from the deepest and most difficult problems facing contemporary science: those having to do with the nature of time." --http://www.edge.org/q2009/q09_9.html

On Thu Jan 25, 2007 11:07 am, I used the word "liberate" in writing, "MDT unfreezes time, liberating us all with free will-the free will to move beyond ST & LQG, which are not inextricably locked into the fixed future of the block universe as Brain Green and Paul Davies would have you suppose. Neither the future nor the past exists. Motion is inherent in the underlying four-dimensional space-time geometry, as the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Einstein noted that all objects are moving through space-time at the velocity c. This never changes. An object stationary in the three spatial dimensions is translating through the fourth dimension at the rate of c. An object stationary in the fourth dimension-a photon-is translating through the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c. Hence it is obvious that the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. String Theory's greatest contribution to physics has been the utter rejection of the obvious, the denial of common sense, and the institutionalization of thousands of mediocrities to ignore or shout-down any physics that might get in the way of their vast commercial industries which must trump truth-their salaries, benefits, and science-fiction books. Indeed, ST gives full license to make one's ignorance one's arrogance, and thus it is the breeding ground for those with ambitions overshadowing their talents." --http://www.groupsrv.com/science/about204630.html

In January 2009, Smolin writes "There is also no past. The past only lives as part of the present, to the extent that it gives us evidence of past events. And the future is not yet real, which means that it is open and full of possibilities, only a small set of which will be realized. Nor, on this view, is there any possibility of other universes. All that exists must be part of this universe, which we find ourselves in, at this moment."

--http://www.edge.org/q2009/q09_9.html

In January, 2007, I wrote, "Neither the future nor the past exists. Motion is inherent in the underlying four-dimensional space-time geometry, as the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Einstein noted that all objects are moving through space-time at the velocity c. This never changes. An object stationary in the three spatial dimensions is translating through the fourth dimension at the rate of c. An object stationary in the fourth dimension-a photon-is translating through the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c. Hence it is obvious that the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. "

All of this was posted in an amazon.com forum on 11/13/2006 for Lee's Book: The Trouble With Physics: The Rise of String Theory, The Fall of Science, and What comes Next:

http://www.amazon.com/Lee-Smolins-Great-Book-Dimensions
/forum/Fx1FYSVRZO4ARYG/Tx3BGVHQPRMS4OD/1

/ref=cm_cd_dp_tft_tp
?%

5Fencoding=UTF8&s=books&asin=061891868X&store=books

"Lee Smolin's Great Book : A Dialogue with Lee Smolin / Moving Dimensions Theory"

Over the years I have shared several emails with Lee, Including this one from 9/26/07--I have yet to hear back, but now that he thinks time is real, perhaps he might find some :):

to lsmolin@perimeterinstitute.ca

date Wed, Sep 26, 2007 at 11:56 AM

subject Hello Lee: The Curious Nature of the Photon, Einstein's Annus Mirabilis, and Moving Dimensions Theory

Hello Lee,



Hope all is well with you--just bought a second copy of TTWP to read while in the server room, recovering some lost data. :) Loved it even more the second time around.



If you ever get a moment, would be grateful for any comments on MDT.



Keep up the great work!



Elliot



INTRODUCTION TO MDT



As the hallmark of Moving Dimensions Theory is a simple postulate reflecting an underlying physical reality, let us begin with the simple postulate:



The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



That is it. This postulate underlies relativity--length contraction, time dilation, and the equivalence of mass and energy. It underlies quantum mechanics--wave interference, tunneling, entanglement. It underlies statistical mechanics--entropy and time's arrow.



The great power of Moving Dimensions Theory is that the simple postulate, representing an underlying physical reality, explains curious physical phenomena in every realm-from relativity, to quantum mechanics, to statistical mechanics. MDT accounts for quantum entanglement and relativistic length contraction. It accounts for entropy and action-at-a-distance. MDT unifies all of time's arrows, and it shows that all the curious dualities-wave/particle, space/time, and mass/energy, derive from the same source. MDT resolves both the paradox of Godel's block universe/block time and the Einstein, Rosen, and Podolsky paradox.



MDT--a simple sentence brought forth by a single individual--is what physics ought to be all about--descriptions of physical reality that unify and explain physical phenomena with simple, concise underlying physical models. And, as MDT predicts relativistic length contraction, entanglement, the constant velocity of light, and wave interference, it is one of the best-tested theories of all time, in addition to being a most fundamental theory regarding the emergent nature of time.

The Curious Nature of the Photon, Einstein's Annus Mirabilis,

and Moving Dimensions Theory



As the contemplation of the photon lead to both quantum mechanics and relativity, let us also begin the presentation of Moving Dimensions Theory by contemplating the photon. Einstein's revolutionary 1905 papers included one devoted to the photoelectric effect—which considered the quantized nature of the photon—and a paper devoted to the electrodynamics of moving bodies—which considered electromagnetic radiation, relativity, and the wave properties of the photon as embodied by Maxwell's Equations. Another 1905 paper discussed statistical mechanics in the form of Brownian Motion, and Einstein's final three-page paper that year commented on the equivalence of mass and energy, as denoted with his famous equation, E=mc 2. Moving Dimensions Theory underlies and unifies all of Einstein's 1905 papers with its simple postulate—the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.

Consider the emission of a photon in free space. One second later, the photon has equal probability of being found anywhere upon a sphere with a radius of 186,000 miles, as the velocity of light, c, is 186,000 miles per second. If we covered the surface of said sphere with detectors, one, and only one, would click. And the photon, although having traveled 186,000 miles through space, will not have aged one iota, for time stops at the speed of light. The photon will have traveled 186,000 miles through the three spatial dimensions, and yet it will not have moved one iota in the fourth dimension. And there lies our first clue to moving dimensions theory. For how can a photon propagate 186,000 in the three spatial dimensions, and yet not budge an inch in the fourth dimension, unless that fourth dimension is expanding, right along with it? Ergo, the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. A photon, as we shall see time and again, is matter surfing the fourth expanding dimension.

Consider two interacting photons that are directed to propagate in opposite directions, as in experiments conceived by Bell and conducted by Aspect et al. One second later, each photon's polarization is measured at detectors separated by 372,000 miles. According to the laws of quantum mechanics and numerous supporting experiments, the measurement at one detector instantaneously affects the measurement at the second detector. It is as if the photons are yet side-by-side for all intents and purposes. This "spooky action-at-a-distance," as Einstein called it, is not so spooky in the context of Moving Dimensions Theory, for MDT states that although separated by 372,000 miles, the photons are yet in the exact same place in the fourth dimension, as the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. So it is that quantum phenomena on the photonic level, as well as relativistic phenomena on the photonic level, are both accounted for with simple elegance via MDT: the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.

Another paper Einstein penned in 1905 was devoted to Brownian motion and statistical mechanics. Drop a thimbleful of food coloring in a pool. The laws of statistical mechanics dictate that there is a high probability that the coloring will spread throughout the entire pool, and never again reassemble in a localized region. That all systems tend towards random disorder is a fundamental law of physics and condition of physical reality, and this too can be accounted for by Moving Dimensions Theory. As the fundamental motion of the universe is the expansion of the fourth dimension relative to the three spatial dimensions, two photons originating from a common origin will harbor a vast probability of being found at great distances from one another one second later—distances far greater than the distance that separates them at their emission. This is because each one has an equal probability of being found anywhere upon the surface of a spherically-symmetric wave front of probability, corresponding to the wave front of the fourth expanding dimension. Recall our system of detectors placed everywhere upon the surface of a sphere with a radius of 186,000 miles—each photon has an equal chance of being found at any detector after one second after they were emitted at a common origin, and chances are that the detectors will be farther apart than the distance of zero that defines the separation between photon's common origin. Hence entropy. Entropy arises because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. All particles undergoing thermal vibrations interact with photons, and all photons reside in the fourth expanding dimension, dragging all of entirety into random disorder.

Yet another paper published by Einstein in his "Miraculous Year" (annus mirabilis), was devoted to the equivalence of mass and energy. Think about the fascinating physical reality implied by Einstein's most famous equation—E=mc2. A kilogram of gold or lead or feathers sitting on a desktop is the same thing as 9x10 16 joules of energy—an exorbitant amount of energy—enough to power, or to destroy, a major city. How is it that a stationary mass possesses such a great energy? It is because the mass, which is stationary in the three spatial dimensions, is yet propagating through the fourth dimension at the rate of c. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Matter surfing the fourth expanding dimension appears at photons. Furthermore, as noted earlier, the photons will propagate at the rate of c through the three spatial dimensions, and yet they will never age—they will stay in a fixed place in the fourth expanding dimension. The primary invariant is c—all matter and/or photons—be it propagating through space or time, or some combination thereof, always, always moves at the rate of c. To be stationary in the three spatial dimensions means to propagate at the rate of c through the fourth dimension. To be stationary in the fourth dimension means to propagate at the rate of c through the three spatial dimensions. Ergo the fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions. Most objects share motion between space and time, but the overall velocity of propagation through space-time is fixed at c— this primary invariance can never change, and this reality arises because of the deeper physical reality of Moving Dimensions Theory.

And so it is that Moving Dimensions Theory underlies and unifies the papers Einstein Published during his Annus Mirabilis—his "miraculous year." I highly recommend Harvard University Press's Einstein 1905: The Standard of Greatness by John S. Rigden, about wcich Publisher's Weekly writes,



"The year 2005 will be the centenary of Einstein's annus mirabilis, when he published the five papers that marked him as one of the greatest scientists of all time. Washington University professor Rigden (Hydrogen: The Essential Element) sits readers down in front of his white board and explains what Einstein said in each of these papers, what was significant in them and how the scientific community reacted (not very well, in most cases—for a while). Einstein started off with a bang: in March he proposed that light was not a continuous wave, but was made up of particles. In April he finished what became his dissertation, on how to determine the size of molecules in a liquid (that may not sound very exciting, but this is one of Einstein's most cited papers). In May he wrote his paper on Brownian motion, and then in June came the summit of his achievements that year: the paper proposing his principles of relativity and the consistency of the speed of light (commonly known as the Special Theory of Relativity). Finally, almost as an afterthought, in September came the three-page paper that unleashed his now-famous equation, e=mc2, upon an unsuspecting world. Rigden writes with a rare felicity, free of jargon and with everyday metaphors that Einstein himself would no doubt have appreciated."



I encourage everyone to read Einstein's and Bohr's and Heisenberg's and Dirac's original papers, and contrast their majestic elegance, eloquence, reason, and logic to the snarky death threats and crackpot indexes manufactured by today's "best and brightest," and the accompanying silence from their established elders—the founders of string theory's oppressive regime and hand-waving, reason-subjugating, PBS miniseries. The future book on Moving Dimensions Theory will look back to the giants of yesteryear with deep honor and reverence, so that tomorrow's physics might advance in the spirit of simple Truth and Beauty. Every effort will be maintained to demonstrate that true physics is marked by grace and simplicity, as opposed to obfuscation and bullying. Moving Dimensions Theory is an idea whose time has come, and ideas are bulletproof.



The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Moving Dimensions Theory accounts for the aetherless aether.



This simple postulate offers a physical model underlying and unifiying:



RELATIVITY:



1) length contraction

2) time dilation

3) the equivalence of mass and energy

4) the constant velocity of light

5) the independence of the speed of light from the velocity of the source



QUANTUMN MECHANICS

1) action at a distance

2) wave-particle duality

3) interference phenomena

4) EPR paradox



THERMODYNAMICS

1) Time's arrow

2) Entropy



STRING THEORY'S MANY DIMENSIONS / KALUZA/KLEIN THEORY

1) a fourth expanding dimension can be interepreted as many dimensions, each time it expands



THE UNITY OF THE DUALITIES

1) wave/particle duality

2) time/space duality

3) energy/mass duality

4) E/B duality



GENERAL RELATIVITY

1) Gravitational redshift

2) Gravity waves

3) Gravitation attraction



THE SPACE-TIME BACKGROUND

1) quantum foam

2) the smearing of space and time at small distances

3) Hawking's imaginary time



PARADOXES

1) MDT explains away Godel's Block Universe

2) MDT unfreezes time

3) Resolves Zeno's Paradox



ONE GETS ALL OF THIS FROM A SIMPLE POSTULATE:



The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions in a spherically symmetric manner, in units of the Planck length, at the rate of c.

--dr. e's email to lsmolin@perimeterinstitute.ca

date Wed, Sep 26, 2007 at 11:56 AM

subject Hello Lee: The Curious Nature of the Photon, Einstein's Annus Mirabilis, and Moving Dimensions Theory)



I also sent other emails regarding Moving Dimensions Theory, including one sent on 4/19/07 which was cc'd to a dozen other physicists.

Lee writes at The Edge, "The view that time is real and truth is situated within the moment further implies that there is no timeless arbiter of meaning, and no transcendent or absolute source of values or ethics. Meaning, values and ethics are all things that we humans project into the world. Without us, they don’t exist."

Yes--while time is real, I will yet agree with Einstein over Lee--Einstein writes, "Yes, we have to divide up our time like that, between our politics and our equations. But to me our equations are far more important, for politics are only a matter of present concern. A mathematical equation stands forever."

Yes--I will have to stick with dx4/dt=ic from here on out to eternity, just as Ludwig von Boltzman has s=klogw on his tombstone and Max Born has xp-px=ih on his.

Best,

Dr. E (The Real McCoy)

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Greetings,

The concept dimension is defined as a measurable extent of any kind. Spatial and temporal dimensions exist only as the spatial and temporal demarcating relationships of events. They have no physical substance, but form parts of physical reality. Neither can be perceived as such: only the objects and events that fill them can be perceived and their respective relationships...

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Greetings,

The concept dimension is defined as a measurable extent of any kind. Spatial and temporal dimensions exist only as the spatial and temporal demarcating relationships of events. They have no physical substance, but form parts of physical reality. Neither can be perceived as such: only the objects and events that fill them can be perceived and their respective relationships established.

Their extent can only be defined in relation to the events they delimit. All being relative to each other, there exist neither absolute spatial or temporal reference frames, nor absolute spatial or temporal units of measurement.

Dimensions do not move or flow or expand as such: phenomena are moving within them, according to the harmonies that characterise the particular universal level to which they belong. Spatial and temporal sequences are sensed and determined by the elements existing and acting within that space-time continuum.

It is a basically flawed way of thinking that attempts to eliminate a fundamental, sine qua non physical reality, like the dimension of time, because its absence would produce more favourable mathematical equations underlying an otherwise shaky theory.

Not less defective is to – instead of using mathematics to express thought-processes – manipulate mathematical assumptions in the trust of the "unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics" and in the hope that one of the trials will come up with a right solution. Like in the Watson/Skinnerian Behaviouralism, results are met by "getting them by manipulation, shifting them about until a new pattern is hit upon", a procedure "controlled entirely by contingencies of reinforcement".

"I take the positivist viewpoint – wrote Stephen Hawking – that a physical theory is just a mathematical model and that it is meaningless to ask whether it corresponds to reality. All that one can ask is that its predictions should be in agreement with observation." Behold the 'positivist' viewpoint of a very negativist sceptic, with destructive effects not only as a scientific approach in research and theorising, but, through its untruthful scientific attitude towards reality, also as a false and corruptive life-philosophy.

I have dropped in on the paper of Dr. Julian Barbour, because he has a good spectrum of comments and because his statement that "the quantum universe is static. Nothing happens; there is being but no becoming" has touched a home note.

According to my cosmovision, expressed in my book Living Universe, ""Being" is the absolute, inherent and transcendent Life-Ground, Underlying Principle, of Summa Existence. Nothing can precede it, because "Non-being", the absence of "Being", is a contradiction in terms: a concept demanding a subject, the subject the concept is referring to is a "Being" by conceptualisation. As Space and Time are dimensions referring to spatial and chronological relationships of events, local references to position and precedence, and have no purpose to exist by themselves, without a content, they could not have preceded "Being", nor could "Being" be contained in, or be a function of Space and Time, because "Being" is timeless. Thus "Being" exists as an atemporal present, without beginning and end, without it ever having to have been created or appeared out of "Non-Being". As Being is the fount of all Becoming, it is a causa sui.

Being represents Life, Mind and Consciousness. Without life, mind and consciousness there can be neither being nor becoming. Knowing Itself as Being, and knowing Itself as the creator and the created, It is the source of all differentiated life, mind and consciousness; all harmony, wisdom and power. It is the oneness, universality, timelessness, changelessness, formlessness, boundlessness, within and out of which space-time, form, individuality, diversity, temporality and transformation – becoming – transpire: the infinite expresses itself through the finite. It is here where creating, being created and the created – the Creator (Natura naturans) and Creation (Natura naturata) – are one.

Pure Being is pastless and futureless: It simply IS. Being is static and contains – and thus transcends – all Becoming, represented by – materialised into – substance, accident and mode – structure, event and process. Becoming is dynamic, manifested in the harmonious movement, change, and the spatial, chronological and causal relationship and order of energy and matter, while matter itself is not a conglomeration of "things", but consists of by its Underlying Principle ordered "processes" in interwoven and interdependent harmonic system-relationships of energy-quantums.

Space and time are contained by "Being" as conceptual conditions and dimensional constituting fundamentals of Becoming. Only through the existence of the dimensions of Space and Time – representing an inseparable, four-dimensional space-time continuum – may exist movement, change, and spatial, chronological and causal order. Thus all Becoming is space- and time-dependent. Inversely, without movement and change there exists only a static state without content, devoid of space, time, matter, and energy, which are thus co-emergent, co-existent, interdependent, interacting and co-evolving constituents of a dynamic universal process. Neither space nor time "flows" or "moves", or "expands": matter and its movements are interacting within and with space-time according to their constitution, dynamically readjusting each other's geometries and qualities.

Creation, movement, change, causality, physical, chemical and biological processes are dynamic phenomena, constituent elements of Becoming. Their dynamic systems and dynamic rules – the laws of physics, chemistry, biology, of the summa Cosmos – are not rigid predetermined, pre-existing rules, according to which the self-created and self-evolving content of the Universe must work, but are also co-emergent, co-existent and co-evolving integral constituents of it, keeping within the harmonious relationship of the All.

The Summa Universe, being the intrinsic Self of each and all It contains, is self-configuring structure, substance and event in a constant dynamic and harmonious process, being thus the subject, instrument and object of Its own creation through all Its individuated selves, each of which becomes thus also the subject, instrument and object of its own, particular creation and sustention. "Self-configuring" implies thought out, intelligent process, the Intelligent Self-Creation, Self-Sustention and Self-Evolution of the Universe in dynamic equilibrium.

I am a fraction of the ultimate "I" and am inherent and am transcending my manifested physical body, as that ultimate Universal "I" is inherent and is transcending the manifested Universe.

"My body functions as a pure mechanism according to the Laws of Nature," – wrote Erwin Schroedinger – "Yet I know, by incontrovertible direct experience, that I am directing its motions, of which I foresee the effects, that may be fateful and all-important, in which case I feel and take full responsibility for them. Therefore I – I in the widest meaning of the word, that is to say, every conscious mind that has ever said or felt 'I' – am the person, if any, who controls the 'motion of the atoms' according to the Laws of Nature."

Best regards,

Imre von Soos

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FQXi participants:

Some important facts/truth regarding time:

Time is ultimately dependent upon the integrated extensiveness of being, experience (and space), and thought. You can see how this applies to photons in relation to time -- consider how the words "integrated extensiveness" apply.

Dreams improve upon memory and understanding by increasing (or adding to) the...

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FQXi participants:

Some important facts/truth regarding time:

Time is ultimately dependent upon the integrated extensiveness of being, experience (and space), and thought. You can see how this applies to photons in relation to time -- consider how the words "integrated extensiveness" apply.

Dreams improve upon memory and understanding by increasing (or adding to) the integrated extensiveness of being and experience (including thought) in and with time.(This effect is clearly evident in the works of genius, and also with the past/present/future extensiveness and superior predictability regarding the thoughts of genius.)

Since the self has extensiveness of being and experience (in and with time) in conjunction with the integrated and natural extensiveness of sensory experience, we spend less time dreaming (and sleeping) than waking. The integrated extensiveness of being and experience go hand-in-hand.

The natural and integrated extensiveness of being and experience go hand-in-hand -- and, in and with time as well.

Dreams are an emotional experience that occur during the one third of our lives that we spend sleeping, because emotion is one part (or one third) of feeling, emotion, and thought. Consistent with this, both feeling and thought are proportionately reduced in the dream. Thoughts and emotions are differentiated feelings. Dreams are essential for thoughtful and emotional balance, integration, comprehensiveness, consistency, and resiliency. Indeed, emotion that is comprehensive and balanced advances consciousness. If the self did not represent, form, and experience a comprehensive approximation of experience in general, we would be incapable of growth and of becoming other than we are.

Thought involves a relative reduction in the range and extensiveness of feeling. In keeping with this, dreams make thought more like sensory experience in general. Accordingly, both thought and also the range and extensiveness of feeling are proportionately reduced in the dream. (This reduction in the range and extensiveness of feeling during dreams is consistent with the fact that the experience of smell very rarely occurs therein.) Since there is a proportionate reduction of both thought and feeling during dreams, the experience of the body is generally (or significantly) lacking; for thought is fundamentally rendered more like sensory experience in general. Thoughts and emotions are differentiated feelings. By involving the mid-range of feeling between thought and sense, dreams make thought more like sensory experience in general. The reduction in the range and extensiveness of feeling during dreams is why there is less memory and thought therein.

Also, the unification of Maxwell's theory of light and Einstein's theory of gravity -- that is proven by the addition of a fourth spatial dimension -- demonstrates that this one third relation (i.e., three to one ratio) holds for BOTH space and time. Note the three to one relation of space dimensions to time in Einstein's theory; and note, as well, the three to one ratio (one third) of space dimensions in relation to said unification with the fourth spatial dimension.

Accordingly, I have shown that the extension of BOTH time AND space in the dream is consistent with this one third. Moreover, this is all consistent with the fact that the dream is the fundamental union of gravity and electromagnetism/light.

See:

The Dream Fundamentally Balances and Unifies Gravity and Electromagnetism

http://radicalacademy.com/studentrefphilfmd1
3.htm

Time has an important place in physics.

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Dr Barbour,



I have read your article The Nature of Time and some other pieces on your website and watched the video. I find them very interesting because I am interested in the subject as well and have done some thinking about it sometime ago.





If one has the privilege to observe the Universe from the outside, there seems to be a simple way to define (or...

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Dr Barbour,



I have read your article The Nature of Time and some other pieces on your website and watched the video. I find them very interesting because I am interested in the subject as well and have done some thinking about it sometime ago.





If one has the privilege to observe the Universe from the outside, there seems to be a simple way to define (or construct) a "Time" (duration) as "the change in the state of a dynamical system".



Consider a CLOSED Dynamical System, S, whose state is described by the state function, F.

F has n allowed "values": F1, F2,... Fi,..., Fj,..., Fk,... Fn, where i, j, k,.. n are positive integers.



Then one can define (or construct) Time (or Time increment/Time interval), dt, as follows:



Suppose the state function F of S initially has value Fi, and then it changes to Fj (written as

Fi --> Fj), then a certain time increment, dt, is said to have ELAPSED; where dt = 0 if i = j,

and dt is non-zero if i is different from j, for ANY values of i and j from 1 to n.



So, there is a "dt" associated with each "-->".



This notion of Time is applied over the entire S and may, therefore, be called the "Universal Time" (or Global Time) for S. Whether a Time (or Time increment) defined this way can be applied UNMODIFIED to portions of S is not yet clear.



A "Time" (Time increment) defined in this way is, at most, a DERIVED physical quantity, instead of being a "fundamental physical quantity" as we were taught at school and it has the following properties:



1) If S does not exist, then Time (or time increment), dt, does not exist.



2) Time is quantized, instead of being a continuum.



3) If F changes in sequence given by "Fi --> Fj --> Fk", then the 2 "dt's"

(associated with the 2 "-->") are perceived as being equal in magnitude since

in reality only Fi, Fj and Fk, but not something in-between, that are observable (can be detected) in the physical world. It is not conceivable that the "in-between's", which cannot be detected, can be of different magnitudes. But we are quite sure that the "in-between's", "dt's", do exist because their end-points exist.



4) If F changes in sequence given by "Fi --> Fk --> Fj", where i, j and k all have different values, for example, then the 2 "dt's" are taken as having the same sign (direction). This follows naturally from the way "dt" is defined above since the 2 "dt's" are defined in exactly the SAME manner, if one has a positive (or negative) sign, so does the other.



Following the above, if F changes in sequence given by "Fi --> Fk --> Fj --> Fi", we should perceive S having RETURNED to its "earlier" state of Fi, instead of perceiving Time having gone backwards.



Time is, therefore, unidirectional.



5) Consider the set f = {F1, F2,... Fi,..., Fj,..., Fk,... Fn} and g1, g2 are subsets of f, say,

g1 = {F1, F2,..., Fi} -- g1 has i elements

g2 = {Fj,..., Fk} -- g2 has (k - j + 1) elements



That is g1 is a macrostate contains i microstates {F1, F2,...Fi}

and g2 is a macrostate contains (k - j +1) microstates {Fj,... Fk}



Then the relative amount of "Time" S being in macrostates g1 and g2 are

in the ratio of i to (k - j + 1). This, as I remember, is one of the basic assumptions in Statistical Mechanics.



6) If R is a subsystem of S, one might expect the "Time increment" in S be "more finely quantized" than that in R.



7) If R1 and R2 are both subsystems of S, following from (6), ot should be possible to find out the relationship of the "Time increments" in R1 and in R2 by relating each to the "Universal Time" of S.



Since "Time" can be shown to be a "derived physical quantity", there is reason to believe that Space too is a "derived physical quantity", and, likewise, it should be possible to define (construct) a notion of Space by thought/argument alone. The same might also be true for Matter (inertia mass).



But I could not get any further than this-- Not being able to find a convincing way to define Space-- and consequently stopped pursuing the subject.





Recent reading of the article Is Time an Illusion in Scientific American and further browsing of your website re-ignites my interest on this subject and I am thinking about Space and Matter and might have some preliminary leads on them.





Kan

SSHK

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This is a general comment to what I read in this thread.

The mistake might rest in how too define 'time'. If you define it as instants you will have to look at durations too. Either that, or you will define a 'instant' as the shortest applicable amount of time, becoming a sort of 'still picture'. But then both ideas will need something more to start 'move'. And that should be our arrow of...

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This is a general comment to what I read in this thread.

The mistake might rest in how too define 'time'. If you define it as instants you will have to look at durations too. Either that, or you will define a 'instant' as the shortest applicable amount of time, becoming a sort of 'still picture'. But then both ideas will need something more to start 'move'. And that should be our arrow of time.

So the 'arrow' exist, at least macroscopically. And to make that compatible with the idea of 'still instants' you will need a wholeness. you can't just expect all 'instants' to arrange themselves into a meaningful 'motion picture' by itself. Well, you can, but to do it without a background needed you will need something in where your 'instants' is a whole in itself. If you look at it that way the question is not how 'instants' binds together into a meaningful causality chain, but rather how they can 'separate' themselves from the wholeness, creating our reality including that arrow of time.

And that I think falls back to the way you see Lorentz contractions and time dilations. As real or as illusions? I don't find it possible to split those two into separate entities myself, the muon explanation hitting Earth is a perfect example of how they 'interact' with each other, and you also have the 'spinning disc' proving that a Lorentz contraction can be very 'real'.

So, if you choose one before the other I believe you to be mistaken. To me both are real, and they both point to 'distance' being something different from what we normally assume it to be. and if that is true? Then I like to look at it as a magnifying/contracting instead. And with that we come to 'emergences' as described in chaos theory, and those remarkable 'constants' we meet. Those that without explanation creates unmovable borders for our SpaceTime, from light to Planck to the Feigenbaum constant to the Bekenstein bound. All possible constants.

So, everything seems relative when it comes to time and distance. But stay with your own 'room time geometry/frame of reference' and you will find them never to change. In that one your clock never will differ, and all distances you measure will measure up to your yardstick, exactly the same. So if you like you might deem that too as a 'constant' of sorts. What it tells you is that, no matter where you are, or what you do, your expiration date will be the exact same for you, generally speaking.

You can change that two ways, that I know, motion or 'proper mass'. If we look on motion it becomes clear that we, even though 'needing' an acceleration as compared to our origin, too be able to perceive it. We still can't state that the room time geometry we were in, being 'at rest' wasn't twisted too. So a uniform motion, or a inertial object have a 'twisted room geometry' too in fact. The only way to prove me wrong is to show me where the objective universal rest-frame exist. The place wherefrom the universe sets its 'speedometer', and no, not relative.

So, finding those questionable I find it pretty safe to say that 'times arrow' and 'distance', no matter how unchanging it might seem from ones own 'room time geometry', when seen over a whole universe and relating those frames of reference to your own personal one it will be relative truths only, not absolute.

If you want to look at the 'universe' at the 'time keeper' you either will have to assign to it all those 'frames of reference' simultaneously, creating a 'diffracted' universe or assume a hidden reality to it where 'times arrow' and 'distance' becomes something totally different.

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Dear Dr. Barbour,

Here's a post that tries to comment on FQXi's 2008 essay contest (The Nature of Time) as well as its 2010 essay contest (Is Reality Digital or Analog?)

We have to wonder if the Large Hadron Collider was worth all the time and money it took to build. It won't find the Higgs boson. It may well "prove" that strings exist but this will only deceive the world because...

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Dear Dr. Barbour,

Here's a post that tries to comment on FQXi's 2008 essay contest (The Nature of Time) as well as its 2010 essay contest (Is Reality Digital or Analog?)

We have to wonder if the Large Hadron Collider was worth all the time and money it took to build. It won't find the Higgs boson. It may well "prove" that strings exist but this will only deceive the world because strings are only a tiny fraction of matter's true composition. Perhaps it would have been better to spend the money buying several million desktop computers for scientists to develop and refine theories with.

ALTERNATIVE TO HIGGS BOSON

An important step might be to think of "... the grand design of the universe, a single theory that explains everything" (words used by Stephen Hawking on the American version of Amazon, when promoting his latest book “The Grand Design” – coauthored with Leonard Mlodinow, Bantam Books, 2010) in a different way than physicists who are presently working on science's holy grail of unification. The universe’s underlying electronic foundation* (which makes our cosmos into a partially-complete unification, similar to 2 objects which appear billions of years or billions of light-years apart on a huge computer screen actually being unified by the strings of ones and zeros making up the computer code which is all in one small place) would make our cosmos into physics’ holy grail of a complete unification if it enabled not only elimination of all distances in space and time, but also elimination of distance between (and including) the different sides of objects and particles. This last point requires the universe to not merely be a vast collection of the countless photons, electrons and other quantum particles within it; but to be a unified whole that has “particles” and “waves” built into its union of digital 1’s and 0’s (or its union of qubits – quantum binary digits). If we use the example of CGH (computer generated holography, which is reminiscent of the holographic simulation called the Holodeck in “Star Trek: The Next Generation”), these "particles" and "waves" could be elements produced by the interaction of electromagnetic and presently undiscovered gravitational waves, producing what we know as mass and forming what we know as space-time. Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves, and measurements on the Hulse-Taylor binary-star system resulted in Russell Hulse and Joe Taylor being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1993 for their work, which was the first indirect evidence for gravitational waves. The feedback of the past and future universes into the unified cosmos's electronic foundation would ensure that both past and future could not be altered. (Our brains and minds are part of this unification too, which must mean extrasensory perception and telekinetic independence from technology are possible.)

* For more information on the universe's proposed electronic foundation, please see my article and postings at

http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/814

as well as my replies to Dr. Israel Omar Perez at

http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/817

STRINGS ARE ONLY PART OF MATTER'S BASIS

Space and time only exist in our experience. They are emergent properties, like wetness and mind. We experience wetness because it emerges from the building blocks of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms which make up water. We experience mind because it emerges from the building blocks of neurons composing the brain. And we experience space-time since it emerges from the building blocks making up the universe. These units are a combination of electromagnetic pulses (forming a cosmic computer which includes randomness and thus the potential to escape rigid preprogramming, and have a small degree of free will) as well as a cosmic hologram (this is produced by the interaction of electromagnetic plus gravitational waves and combination of the holographic aspect with the electronic aspect unifies general relativity with quantum physics). Every physical and nonphysical part of the universal hologram would be a receptor for the downloading of data from the cosmic computer which not only exists in the hyperspace of the large-scale universe but also in the hyperspace of each subatomic particle. (In other words, the holographic universe or spacetime we know is a screen for displaying data from the 5th-dimensional computer).

It might be helpful to visualise time as the playing of a CD or video tape. The entire disc or tape obviously exists all the time. But our physical senses can only perceive a tiny part of the sound and the sights at any fraction of a second. I believe space and time are infinite, so it might be more accurate to visualise time as that HUGE number - in this case, of CDs or tapes - which some versions of string theory propose (at a minimum, 10 exponent 500). My essay - http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/814 - tells you how to travel to the future, how to return home, and how to travel into our past. Neither future nor past can be altered (a blow to our belief that we have the free will to shape the future) and my explanation of travel to the past requires re-interpretation of the concepts of "multiverse" and "parallel universes". It also requires the ability to travel billions of light years INSTANTLY. This sounds like pure fantasy, but I outline an approach based on electrical engineering, General Relativity, and Miguel Alcubierre's 1994 proposal of "warp drive" that makes it logically possible.

These unbelievable things are made believable if you read my essay (along with its postings and replies) as well as the little books I've written (listed in the essay's Endnotes). But if you don't have time to read all that (I don't think I do!), here's a little picture that tries to summarise everything in a few lines -

My essay suggests the universe is a Mobius loop and is contained in, or unified with, each of its particles (relying on physical senses or 21st-century scientific instruments would make this statement ridiculous). Then each fermion and boson would also be composed of the 3 spatial dimensions, the 4th dimension of time, and the 5th dimension of hyperspace. Detectors like the Large Hadron Collider would be unable to "see" the time and hyperspace components of particles but could only see the small (maybe 5%) 3 spatial dimensions (the time and hyperspace components would be what we call dark matter), erroneously assuming particles are those tiny fractions of a Mobius loop that physics calls strings. "Dark matter" would exert a gravitational influence because both time and hyperspace, being parts of a curved Mobius loop (whether of quantum or cosmic scale), would push objects together in the same way Einstein's curved space-time pushes objects together. We can speak of the HST now - no, not the Hubble Space Telescope but Hyperspatial SpaceTime. We can visualise the Mobius loop as composed of a hyperspace computer which generates information on how things change from one undetectably tiny fraction of a second to the next (we call this time, and it's comparable to the frames in a movie) and transmits the data (transmits dark energy?) to the insignificant portion of length, width and depth that makes up subatomic particles ... and the universe.

That's the end of my one-paragraph summary. Now for some extra thoughts that popped into my head -

Preceding the Big Bang (which created this local section of the infinite, eternal universe ... or if you prefer, this subuniverse of the megauniverse) there would have been no space, matter or time in this subuniverse and all would have been hyperspace. No transmissions of dark energy (creating time and space/matter) would have occurred - therefore the dark-energy content of the universe would have been zero, increasing to the present 72% as more and more matter was created. How is matter created? Perhaps as cosmologist Alan Guth once suggested -

"You might even be able to start a new universe using energy equivalent to just a few pounds of matter. Provided you could find some way to compress it to a density of about 10^75 (10 exponent 75) grams per cubic centimeter, and provided you could trigger the thing ..."

At the time the Cosmic Microwave Background was emitted (less than a million years after the big bang), results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe say the dark-energy content of the universe was negligible. Space/matter has been increasing since the big bang so transmissions from hyperspace (dark energy) which create them are increasing while the volume of the Mobius loop occupied by time/hyperspace (dark matter) has been shrinking as a result - according to the WMAP satellite, from 63% when the CMB was emitted to 23% today. Why isn't dark energy increasing at the same rate dark matter is decreasing? It must be because, as stated earlier, both time and hyperspace exert a gravitational influence, thereby mimicking space and matter to a degree. This mimicry causes the dark matter between the start of the CMB and the present to decrease by only about 40% while dark energy increases in the same period by about 70%.

My essay tells you how to travel into the future, how to return home, and how to take a trip into our past. Regarding travel beyond our start and into the past ... it can’t be denied that these paragraphs imply the possibility of humans from the distant future time-travelling to the distant past and using electronics to create this particular subuniverse's computer-generated Big Bang. An accomplishment such as this would be the supreme example of “backward causality” (effects influencing causes) promoted by Yakir Aharonov, John Cramer and others. However, realising that we live in a cosmic-quantum unification with zero-separation and recalling Isaac Newton’s inverse-square law and what it says about the force between two particles being infinite (does infinite mean 10 ^ 500, the HUGE number of universes proposed by some versions of string theory?) if the distance of separation goes to zero means there's still room for God (as Creator) because God would be a pantheistic union of the megauniverse's material and mental parts, forming a union with humans in a cosmic unification.

Best wishes,

Rodney Bartlett

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I know I can't submit another essay. I don't plan to - these are just some comments that came to mind after thinking about my essay. They don't seem very relevant to the topic "Is Reality Digital or Analog?" but writing them has given even more satisfaction than writing the essay, and I'm in the mood to share them with the whole world. So if you've got time to read them...

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I know I can't submit another essay. I don't plan to - these are just some comments that came to mind after thinking about my essay. They don't seem very relevant to the topic "Is Reality Digital or Analog?" but writing them has given even more satisfaction than writing the essay, and I'm in the mood to share them with the whole world. So if you've got time to read them ...

---------------------------------------------------------
----------------

I fully realise that my essay doesn’t sound like science at all. I can appreciate that many readers think it belongs to science fiction and fantasy. It does have saving graces though. I’m amazed at how well it fits in with the discoveries of the Microwave Anisotropy Probe and with string theory, culminating in the LHC’s experimentally verified strings and my prediction of antistrings. Having said that, I must say this – it’s very strange that the scientific world is so obsessed with mathematics (admittedly, my essay did dabble with it when offering a version of E=mc2 to suit the digital world - but I kept it very simple ... so simple it might be regarded as wrong). Math seems to be regarded as infallible, even though it leads to mistakes. The (partial) mistake I have in mind is string theory. I don't deny that there certainly is value in the theory, and in maths, but logic reveals shortcomings. Let me explain, after first writing a short section describing an unconventional approach to unveiling unification and offering an alternative to the Higgs boson that relies on gravitational waves.

ALTERNATIVE TO HIGGS BOSON

An important step might be to think of "... the grand design of the universe, a single theory that explains everything" (words used by Stephen Hawking on the American version of Amazon, when promoting his latest book “The Grand Design” – coauthored with Leonard Mlodinow, Bantam Books, 2010) in a different way than physicists who are presently working on science's holy grail of unification. The universe’s underlying electronic foundation* (which makes our cosmos into a partially-complete unification, similar to 2 objects which appear billions of years or billions of light-years apart on a huge computer screen actually being unified by the strings of ones and zeros making up the computer code which is all in one small place) would make our cosmos into physics’ holy grail of a complete unification if it enabled not only elimination of all distances in space and time, but also elimination of distance between (and including) the different sides of objects and particles. This last point requires the universe to not merely be a vast collection of the countless photons, electrons and other quantum particles within it; but to be a unified whole that has “particles” and “waves” built into its union of digital 1’s and 0’s (or its union of qubits – quantum binary digits). If we use the example of CGH (computer generated holography, these "particles" and "waves" could be elements produced by the interaction of electromagnetic and presently undiscovered gravitational waves, producing what we know as mass and forming what we know as space-time. Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves, and measurements on the Hulse-Taylor binary-star system resulted in Russell Hulse and Joe Taylor being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1993 for their work, which was the first indirect evidence for gravitational waves. The feedback of the past and future universes into the unified cosmos's electronic foundation would ensure that both past and future could not be altered. Our brains and minds are part of this unification too - which must mean extrasensory perception and telekinetic independence from technology are possible, despite modern science's objections to these phenomena which appear to be based on non-unification.

* For more information on the universe's proposed electronic foundation, please see my article and postings at

http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/814

STRINGS ARE ONLY PART OF MATTER'S BASIS

Space and time only exist in our experience. They are emergent properties, like wetness and mind. We experience wetness because it emerges from the building blocks of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms which make up water. We experience mind because it emerges from the building blocks of neurons composing the brain. And we experience space-time since it emerges from the building blocks making up the universe. These units are a combination of electromagnetic pulses (forming a cosmic computer which includes randomness and thus the potential to escape rigid preprogramming, and have a small degree of free will) as well as a cosmic hologram (this is produced by the interaction of electromagnetic plus gravitational waves and combination of the holographic aspect with the electronic aspect unifies general relativity with quantum physics). Every physical and nonphysical part of the universal hologram would be a receptor for the downloading of data from the cosmic computer which not only exists in the hyperspace of the large-scale universe but also in the hyperspace of each subatomic particle. (In other words, the holographic universe or spacetime we know is a screen for displaying data from the 5th-dimensional computer.)

It might be helpful to visualise time as the playing of a CD or video tape. The entire disc or tape obviously exists all the time. But our physical senses can only perceive a tiny part of the sound and the sights at any fraction of a second. I believe space and time are infinite, so it might be more accurate to visualise time as that HUGE number - in this case, of CDs or tapes - which some versions of string theory propose (10 exponent 500). My essay tells you exactly how to travel to the future, how to return home, and how to travel into our past. Neither future nor past can be altered (a blow to our belief that we have the free will to shape the future) and my explanation of travel to the past requires re-interpretation of the concepts of "multiverse" and "parallel universes". It also requires the ability to travel billions of light years INSTANTLY - no doubt many readers will instantly dismiss the essay because their preconceptions "know" this simply isn't possible. It indeed sounds like pure fantasy, but I outline an approach based on electrical engineering, General Relativity, and Miguel Alcubierre's 1994 proposal of "warp drive" that makes it logically possible.

My essay explains why the universe is a Mobius loop and how it is contained in, or unified with, each of its particles (relying on physical senses or 21st-century scientific instruments would make this statement ridiculous). Then each fermion and boson would also be composed of the 3 spatial dimensions, the 4th dimension of time, and the 5th dimension of hyperspace. Detectors like the Large Hadron Collider would be unable to "see" the time and hyperspace components of particles but could only see the small (maybe 5% of the whole) 3 spatial dimensions (the time component would be what we call dark matter), erroneously assuming particles are those small fractions of a Mobius loop that physics calls strings. "Dark matter" would exert a gravitational influence because time, being part of a curved Mobius loop (whether of quantum or cosmic scale), would push objects together in the same way Einstein's curved space-time pushes objects together. We can speak of the HST now - no, not the Hubble Space Telescope but Hyperspatial SpaceTime. We can visualise the Mobius loop as composed of a hyperspace computer which generates information on how things change from one presently undetectably tiny fraction of a second to the next (we call this time, and it's comparable to the frames in a movie) and transmits the data (transmits dark energy) to the insignificant portion of length, width and depth that makes up subatomic particles ... and the universe.

Preceding the Big Bang (which created this local section of the infinite, eternal universe ... or if you prefer, this subuniverse of the megauniverse) there would have been no space, matter or time in this subuniverse. No transmissions of dark energy (creating time and space/matter) would have occurred - therefore the dark-energy content of the universe would have been zero, increasing to the present 72% as more and more matter was created. How is matter created? Perhaps as cosmologist Alan Guth once suggested -

"You might even be able to start a new universe using energy equivalent to just a few pounds of matter. Provided you could find some way to compress it to a density of about 10^75 (10 exponent 75) grams per cubic centimeter, and provided you could trigger the thing ..."

At the time the Cosmic Microwave Background was emitted (less than a million years after the big bang), results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe say the dark-energy content of the universe was negligible. Space/matter has been increasing since the big bang so transmissions from hyperspace computer (dark energy) which create them are increasing while the volume of the Mobius loop occupied by time/hyperspace (dark matter) has been shrinking as a result - according to the WMAP satellite, from 63% when the CMB was emitted to 23% today. Why isn't dark energy increasing at the same rate dark matter is decreasing? It must be because, as stated earlier, both time and hyperspace exert a gravitational influence, thereby mimicking space and matter to a degree. This mimicry causes the dark matter between the start of the CMB and the present to decrease by only about 40% while dark energy increases in the same period by about 70%. If we were dealing with a simple and ordinary loop, this similarity would cause dark matter and dark energy to be more or less equal and if there was any difference in their amount of decrease/increase, it would be in the same direction. But we’re talking about Mobius loops which are like strips of paper that have been twisted 180 degrees before the ends are joined. This causes their variation to go in different directions (one increases, the other decreases) and the amount of variation is quite significant (+72%, -40%). My guess is that the real-life twist occurs in the temporal segment of the loop, enabling a traveller in time to go in different directions i.e. into the future or into the past. To replenish dark matter in billions of years, we merely have to extend Guth's proposal by using the knowledge of that time to create more matter.

A real-life Mobius is by no means a featureless loop, however. If, contrary to our impressions, the universe is unified with each particle it’s composed of; the WMAP satellite’s findings must apply to the quantum world. The figures 72%, 23% and 5% would not only describe the present universe’s content of dark energy, dark matter and ordinary matter but also any particle’s content of space or ordinary matter (5%), time or dark matter (23% - time is considered to be dark matter here because dark matter is regarded as ordinary matter invisible to us since it’s present in another region of the dimension we call time, just as most of a sphere is in another dimension and consequently appears as a dot when first entering Edwin Abbott’s 1884 exploration of other dimensions called “Flatland”), and hyperspace (72%: the transmissions from the hyperspace computer create space and matter, cause expansion of space on cosmic scales where there are no forces to overcome the expansion as there is in matter, and are known as dark energy – creating more matter causes that matter’s repelling gravity to bring about accelerating expansion).

Look at a picture of a Mobius (thanks to the repeating scales of fractal geometry, the apparently empty interior and exterior of the Mobius universe would actually be the same as the visible loop). Imagine the space/ordinary matter to be situated immediately counterclockwise (perhaps on the bottom of the loop) to the hyperspace segment and the time/dark matter portion to be immediately counterclockwise to the space/ordinary matter (time/dark matter would, moving clockwise, be next to the hyperspace segment).

The hyperspace transmissions flow directly into space/matter (all motion - “flow” and “transmissions” – are actually comparable to individual frames in a movie but are spoken of in everyday terms of motion for convenience, like saying the sun rises and sets) and are responsible for the large and unimpeded 72% increase, since the CMB was emitted, of dark energy. This flow rate of 72% also enters the time/dark matter section adjacent to hyperspace … but the loop’s twist seems to be in the time section. If we were to cut the loop lengthwise with scissors, previously varying the number of half-twists results in things such as two rings linked together or a knotted ring. So we get barriers to motion and blockages. Returning to the normal loop and twist, matters are less drastic and motion is merely slowed, resulting in a 23% flow rate.

If we lived in a non-unified universe of materialism, this is how things would remain (dark matter would have increased so today’s content would be a low 23%). On p. 179 of “The Grand Design” by Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow (Bantam Press, 2010) it’s stated “One requirement any law of nature must satisfy is that it dictates that the energy of an isolated body surrounded by empty space is positive …”

The only problem with that sentence, in an “everything is everywhere and everywhen” universe, is the word isolated. There can be no such thing as isolated in our cosmic-quantum unification. Page 179 also says “… if the energy of an isolated body were negative … there would be no reason that bodies could not appear anywhere and everywhere.” Does this mean you and I (plus all things in time and space) are a union of both positive and negative energy, able to display both separateness/solidity (isolation) as well as the potential to appear anywhere and everywhere? Dark matter, not being entirely positive, would be anywhere and everywhere as well as having decreased so today’s content would be a low 23% (which is what WMAP says is the case).

If everything is a union of positive and negative energy, every matter particle and force-carrying particle would be too. And the strings the Large Hadron Collider might detect (being the parts of particles’ Mobius loops it could see since those parts would be space/ordinary matter) might come in both positive and negative varieties. In 1928 English physicist Paul Dirac (1902-84) proposed that all negative energy states are already occupied by (then hypothetical) antiparticles (particles of antimatter). Building on this results in proposal of strings and antistrings.

My essay tells you how to travel into the future, how to return home, and how to take a trip into our past. Regarding travel beyond our start and into the past ... it can’t be denied that these paragraphs imply the possibility of humans from the distant future time-travelling to the distant past and using electronics to create this particular subuniverse's computer-generated Big Bang. An accomplishment such as this would be the supreme example of “backward causality” (effects influencing causes) promoted by Yakir Aharonov, John Cramer and others. However, realising that we live in a cosmic-quantum unification with zero-separation and recalling Isaac Newton’s inverse-square law and what it says about the force between two particles being infinite (does infinite mean 10 ^ 500, the HUGE number of universes proposed by some versions of string theory?) if the distance of separation goes to zero means there's still room for God (another bit of scientifically objectionable science fiction?) because God would be a pantheistic union of the megauniverse's material and mental parts, forming a union with humans in a cosmic unification.



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SHACK STORE LTD is a Register store with the US Government Global Standard Telecom Organization we are offering new product to our Estimate Customers at a discount Price.



NOTE : BUY 3 GET 1 FREE PROMO OFFER



Shipping fees : Free shipping for bulk purchase : FedEx, DHL or UPS



Delivery Time : 40 Hours maximum.

Sales Manager: Rehan Latif

BUY 3 GET 1 FREE

Email: Shackstoreltd@hotmail.com

Email: Shackstoreltd@gmail.com

MSN: Shackstoreltd@hotmail.com

SKYPE: Shackstoreltd

Product in stock.



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Connections

The binding of existence

This is a story, built upon knowledge, intuition, and speculation. In the end, it is built upon some known theoretically successfully tested truths, and some unknowns conveyed in a formula that I consider trumps any objections – as we ponder the scope of existence. First we know of existence, by way of our...

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Connections

The binding of existence

This is a story, built upon knowledge, intuition, and speculation. In the end, it is built upon some known theoretically successfully tested truths, and some unknowns conveyed in a formula that I consider trumps any objections – as we ponder the scope of existence. First we know of existence, by way of our self-awareness, coupled with scientific knowledge. Second by way of the unknowns i.e., “Infinity”, that must incongruously play with us (self-aware-finite creatures), in some connected manner.

This Second irascibly indefinable thing called “Infinity”, simply stumps our “finite” minds every time, when we attempt to figure out its mathematical infinities. As it must. As if it did not stump our efforts to understand it, it would become defined, and anything defined, is “Finite.”. So we have an absolute conundrum that operates our existence. But we are still connected, in a union, both finite and infinite, through the known attributes we have scientifically tested to be true. As without “Infinity”, there can be no “Finite.” And remember Infinity, has no bounds, no time, no space, no beginning and no end.

This is plainly contrary to finite logic, but Infinity simply is contrary. Always has been. And always will be. But it is also the very milk of our very finite existences… We are Connected… Our actions matter, as I will soon explain – in summary.

INFINITY: Irascible and fundamentally a necessary fickle fact. An argument that no mathematics or thought equation can defend against… To challenge this premise is to supersede infinity’s very nature. It will never ever happen.

Therefore we are circumscribed to live within, the physics - largely of Newtonian and Einstein’s mathematics. I would caution to note: that these finite mathematics are subject to change that currently work fairly well for our finite existence as we mathematically calculate how to penetrate and maneuver the Stars, or add 2 plus 2 to equal 4. But they do not work to unravel Quantum Mechanics (in total), and the cache of oddities, such as “Superposition’s”, whereby subatomic particles are in several places at one time, until they are interrupted by measurement. Or do these current finite mathematics explain “Entanglement”, which allows for two subatomic elements to be millions of miles apart, however if one changes its state of “spin” or “electrical” charge the other particle millions of miles away responds instantly. Yes, this violates the concept of the speed of light as the fasted method of action in the Universe.

As Einstein called “Entanglement” Spooky, but none the less real. This seemingly violates the speed of light. But hold on, the Speed of Light travels, Entanglement implies “Connection”. Or what is known as Local action.

Space is the key to this thought equation. Since space is “Infinite” to the “Finite” Observer. Space in this context is also in union with waves – as well as particles. However waves may connect all things instantly, just as waves may allow for “Superposition’s.”

The answer is simply that: This makes us both Local and Non-Local at the same time. Waves and or theoretical “Strings” perhaps in some union – connect our space and possibly time in ways we do not fully comprehend. If true, our infinite extended connections are observed from a finite realm only. It might be important to note here: That simply no distance is allowed in an Infinite realm, as infinity is immune to classification, therefore it is all things and no things at the same time. Make sense? It usually should not, as finite logic has a difficult time with this both intuitively and implicitly mathematically. Make sense yet?

Probably not, as this means that “Everything is Nothing and Nothing is Everything.” Hence there are no real “infinites” to calculate in an Infinite realm. But this last statement is a clear oxymoron, as it should be, as infinity does not have mathematics or anything defined based in or of it. As this would imply a finite realm. It is simply infinite, and does not apply to our finite realm of mathematics.

Mathematics is purely the purview of the finite.

When I said there are really no infinities in the infinite realm. I meant it. But to us, within the finite realm or finite conscious state, as observers, Infinities are what - infinity, space and time are made of. Once again, the ultimate and infinite conundrum. However, how does this allow for the stuff of existence, such as “us”, or cars, and trees and so on to exist? Well we do need infinity to have a finite realm, as I said.

That is the puzzle? That must never be answered technically, nor can it, again from a finite perspective or finite observer. This mind trap we are caught in trying to view infinity - would seem to drive one mad to think that Infinity, Space and Time have no beginning or an end.

But get use to it.

Infinity is indelible. Terms like “time” and “space” are non-words to describe Infinity correctly, as Infinity never had a beginning or an end. The space and time word terms we use within the realm of Infinities definition, or lack thereof, could not and do not exist. Unlike the finite world, which has an Alpha and Omega. (Dust to Dust, Evolution, and Space to move to, and a length of Time that life gives us to observe.

And – That is that…

We are here by way of connections of an indefinable Infinity, which has always been, and will always be. Make no mistake about it. This will provide us and others forever to give sentiency a journey to discover anew. New science from physics to health, coupled with new modes of life, new cultures to come. Save an Asteroid impacting the Earth, or a Super-Volcano taking us to our end of time as sentient beings. But others will arise, no doubt by way of times finite arrow.

The finite with a beginning and end is necessary, to find hope. Just imagine living for eternity without end. That proposition, would invoke a person to lose goals, have no new hopes, and actually impart a crazy madness of hopelessness. As you would be in the ultimate Trap, or Jail forever, if self-aware. What would be the point? One would ask themselves… And therefore, Life and Death, are necessary.

Dust to Dust and then perhaps? Take your best shot at a faithful guess! The options are many, the realities may be few. No one really knows. No one…

Plainly beyond us, the Infinite and Finite will ebb and flow, and new existences will arise through an endless connection to everything for all time…

Essential Points:

1. The Science is: That Infinity is incomprehensible to any complete understanding and, the Finite is limited to understanding all things, perhaps itself and certainly infinity. The connection between the finite and the infinite operate as if Everything is Nothing and Nothing is Everything… Have fun with that analogy! As for me, it holds true, as it confirms to me that cognitive logic eventually meets the illogic of Infinity. This lets us clearly know we will never actually know honestly and truthfully the great questions of life: As to know “ALL” or “Truth” would be to actually define a place and a time, which can only be finite. And that would defy the rules of Infinity, which cannot be technically ever defined. Otherwise it is no longer infinite; it would then become as a mere canvas with parameters. And Infinity is incomprehensible. End of Story – Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow… In other words Forever!

2. The Moral is: That Legacies matter. Build a good one. The Butterfly Effect is always on… And that is what really matters.

All the best in our journey’s, Russ Otter

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TIME THEORY OF EVERYTHING

Created and Written by KHALID MASOOD

TIME COSMOLOGY: Time to re-study Time.

TIME THEORY OF EVERYTHING is The Time Universe Theory.

At the heart of physical science is physics, and at the heart of physics is TIME.

I propose, only Time exists in the Universe.

Time Creates Space, Life, Consciousness, and the Universe itself....

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TIME THEORY OF EVERYTHING

Created and Written by KHALID MASOOD

TIME COSMOLOGY: Time to re-study Time.

TIME THEORY OF EVERYTHING is The Time Universe Theory.

At the heart of physical science is physics, and at the heart of physics is TIME.

I propose, only Time exists in the Universe.

Time Creates Space, Life, Consciousness, and the Universe itself.

Time tells matter how to create, matter tells time how to survive!

No particles, no waves, not both and no vibrating or dancing strings. Only "FLUCTUATING EXTREME LEVELS OF ENERGY" write Everything of the Universe, including our consciousness and also Theory of Everything!!!

The only truth about the physical universe is that the universe is not physical. Life and matter of the universe, is nothing but a physical illusion.

The smartest phenomenon of the universe is the universe itself.

On the whole universe is shapeless, massless and weightless.I CAN PICK IT UP!!!

Einsteins second law, m = E/ c^2 i.e. m = E/ c2 [ How mass drives from

pure Energy] raises the question whether mass can be understood more deeply

as energy. And can we build, as Wheeler put it, "Mass Without Mass"? are the

best predictions in favour of my "Time Theory of Everything."

In my view the first question is How pure energy drives from time?. The

universe is not what it used to be, nor what it appears to be, as Frank W

ilczek of MIT quoted in first chapter Getting to it of his book titled "The

Lightness of Being" [ mass, ether, and the unification of forces ] also

supports my theory. Infinity is finity on the whole.

There is nothing original under the physical phenomena. All physical

properties of the universe are secondary in nature.There is a universe behind

the physical universe which is dark and primary universe. If a Theory of

Everything is Holy Grail of cosmology, Time Theory of Everything is Holy

Grail of Modern Physics!

Physicists are hunting for an elusive particle that would reveal the presence

of a new kind of field that permeates all of reality. Finding that Higgs

field will give us a more complete understanding about how the elusive

universe works!

I believe in bold imagination in research. I believe the universe is not acadamic,

and is not bound by our physical theories. Capture Higgs particle, eyes on a

prize particle, the search for the Higgs boson [God Particle] and creation

of micro black holes is nonsense idea.

Higgs boson is not destiny. We have to re-study TIME and ETERNITY. Higgs boson should be named TIME (particle)!

Basic and primary stuff of the universe is not physical. All matter, energy,

and fundamental forces of nature are secondary and referred by a unified

primary force of nature. There is a co-ordination force in between God

and all secondary forces of nature, which is more important than Higgs boson.

I suggest this force is TIME. Time is invisible presence and the only basic

building block of the universe and everything in it.

Time is so central to the state of physics today, so crucial to our final

understanding of the structure of matter, yet so elusive,

that I have given it a nickname: 'The God Force'!

Time is at the very heart of physical discovery from the nature of matter

to the origin of the universe.

It is also a fundamental driver of everything in the universe many of

tomorrows discoveries and technologies will emerge from Time physics.

MOTHER OF ALL FUNDAMENTAL FORCES.

[A union of forces and time]

Time is mother of all fundamental forces.

"Forces-time" in which time exists as fifth force with four fundamental

forces.

Deep down, the particles and forces of the universe are a manifestation of

time.

TIME is a coordination force of the universe and multiverse referred by

nature.

Nothing has independent existence except time.

Password of time is in the Mind of God!

Tell me about the nature of time, I will create the Universe!!!

If all cosmologists of the world say a foolish thing it is still a foolish

thing!

I WILL CHANGE THE HISTORY OF TIME !

God does not play particles' game with the Universe.

Spacetime has no Time Dimension.

The theory of time "t" as a fourth dimension of space, three dimensions of space and one dimension of time is wrong.

All dimensions of space are time's dimensions. Time is not the 4th dimension.

Space is not 3D + T, space is 3TD. Time is the distance between two dimensions.

Time is the longest and shortest distance between two dimensions.

Time is mother of all dimensions. Dimensions are the result of time.

TIME IS NOT A MANUFACTURED QUANTITY. Time has independent existence and

is fundamental. Space is a manufactured quantity and secondary form of time.

Space is only a kind of time.

I believe in infinite extra spatial dimensions of time only, and I know what

these dimensions are, but I don't believe time as extra dimension with space.

I dont believe in extra dimensions of space, I believe in extra dimensions

of time. The universe exists in three or 10 dimensions of time.

[as string theory proposed, 10 of space and one of time dimension] There

isnt just one dimension of time, says Itzhak Bars of the University of

Southern California in Los Angeles.There are two. One whole dimension has

until now gone entirely unnoticed by us. Two time / 2T Physics [New

scientist 13 October 2007, Hypertime, Cover story] Why we need two dimensions

of time? Why not we need 11 and many more dimensions of time?

A NEW HYPOTHESIS:

[EXTREME LEVEL COSMOLOGY]

EXTREME LEVEL THEORY:

The study of the theory that all fundamental particles and vibrating one-

dimensional strings are fluctuations of zero-dimensional and unidimensional

Extreme Levels Of Energy.

Extreme Level Fluctuations create the universe.

No-particle proposal:

Elemental building blocks of Nature are not particles.

I dont believe particles in any shape or dimensions as basic building blocks

of matter, energy, and everything in the universe. I have an alternative

Fluctuating Extreme Levels hypothesis which is a part of my Time Theory of

Everything [Extreme Level Theory] Extreme Level Theory suggests that basic

building blocks of everything in the universe are composed of Fluctuating

Extreme Levels of energy. In Extreme Level Theory of time, Extreme Levels

correspond to different entities and quantities. If Extreme Level Theory

proves correct, photons, electrons and neutrinos are different due to changes

in the fluctuations of extreme levels. Prior to Extreme Level Theory,

subatomic particles were envisioned as tiny balls or points of energy.

Extreme Level Theory works on the premise that the tiniest subatomic bits

that make up the elements of atoms actually behave like Fluctuating Extreme

Levels and not like vibrating or dancing strings. Photon is no more now a particle, a wave, or has features of both.

Photon exist at fluctuating extreme level of energy.

About the "Origin of Mass"

For decades, the prevailing view in physics agrees that the Higgs field gives mass to matter, with the mediated by a boson particle called Higgs.

But no one has seen the Higgs boson yet, despite the considerable time and money spent in his quest to particle accelerators.

Time Field:

The mass comes from the interaction of matter with the "Time Field" or "field Time" and not from field Higgs. There is no Higgs field.

Time field is "zero point field" and zero energy state of time-space.

Time field is the lowest energy [zero-energy] state of time. That is extreme level of time in my T.T.O.E.

TIME THEORY OF GRAVITY

TIME GRAVITY

I believe in my 'physical' motto: "Time tells space how to create, space

tells time how to expand and bend."

Deep down, the particles and forces of the universe are a manifestation of

time.

Time is the distance between two places.

Time is the longest and shortest distance between two places.

Gravity is a manifestation of Time-space.

P.S: It's Time-space and not space-Time. TIME COMES FIRST.

Our entire research focus must be on "How time interact with matter and

energy?" and "Time, matter and energy, how they interact with each other?"

Time can take the form of motion, light, electricity, radiation, GRAVITY.....

just about anything honestly.

Time theory of gravity is the best rival of General Theory of Relativity and

Quantum Loop Gravity.

TIME THEORY OF EVERYTHING will change the phenomena of new physics-extra dimensions, entanglement, entropy and information, black holes, tunneling, Bose-Einstein Condensates, chaos and complexity, dark matter, dark energy and meaning of Matter, Energy, Natural Forces, Consciousness, Life & Extraterrestrial Life and Death.

It's not time, it's matter which is disappearing from the universe.

Time is God, God Time.

THE UNIVERSE IS A TIME MACHINE!!!

God can't exists outside of Time. Nothing exists outside of Time.

I am part of the universe, as my heart is part of me. Therefore I am part of God.

Khalid Masood

khalidcustoms@gmail.com

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Time as a Derived Physical Quantity



Consider a physical system whose state changes and let us call it a Dynamical System.



Let a closed Dynamical System, S, whose state be described by a state function, ψ. ψ can take on the following specific states: ψ1,.. ψ2,.. ψi,..ψj,..ψk,... where i, j, k,.. are positive integers. Then one can define Time increment (Time...

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Time as a Derived Physical Quantity



Consider a physical system whose state changes and let us call it a Dynamical System.



Let a closed Dynamical System, S, whose state be described by a state function, ψ. ψ can take on the following specific states: ψ1,.. ψ2,.. ψi,..ψj,..ψk,... where i, j, k,.. are positive integers. Then one can define Time increment (Time or duration), δt, as follows:



Suppose S initially takes up the state ψi, and then it changes to ψj (written as ψi → ψj), then a certain time increment, δt, is said to have elapsed; where δt = 0 if i = j, and δt ≠ 0 if i ≠ j.



A Time increment defined in this way is therefore a Derived Physical Quantity, and



1) If S does not exist, then Time, δt, does not exist.



2) Time is quantized if the states ψi, ψj,... etc are discrete.



3) If ψ changes in the sequence "ψi → ψj → ψk", then the 2 "δt's" (associated with the 2 "→") are perceived as being equal in magnitude since, in reality, only ψi, ψj and ψk, but not something in-between, that are observable. It is therefore meaningless to say that the "in-betweens" can be of different magnitudes. But we are quite sure that the "in-betweens", the "δt's", do exist because their end-points exist.



4) If ψ changes in sequence given by "ψi → ψk → ψj", where i, j and k all have different values, then the 2 "δt's" are taken as having the same sign (direction). This follows naturally from the way "δt" is defined above since the 2 "δt's" are defined in exactly the same manner, if one has a positive (or negative) sign, so does the other.



Following the above, if ψ changes in sequence given by "ψi → ψk → ψj → ψi", we should perceive S having returned to its previous state of ψi, instead of perceiving as Time having gone backwards. Time, therefore, is unidirectional.



Recall the Definition: A Dynamical System is a Physical System whose state changes. Nevertheless, we still want to ask the question: Why does it change? Why is it not non-changing and stay the same always?



The fact that it changes allows us to postulate the existence for some physical agent Α, which when acts on S at ψi, makes possible of the appearance of S at ψj, and accompanying such a change, there is an elapse of time δt-- By definition.



Hence, Α : Sψi → Sψj where i ≠ j--------------- [S1]



Now, S denotes the Dynamical System, ψ is a mathematical entity we use to describe S (or the state of S), i, j, k,... etc are labels we attach to ψ in order to distinguish the different states of S.

From statement [S1], it is reasonable to assume the existence of a corresponding mathematical operator Â, of A, such that

Âψi = ψj--------------------------------- [E1]



This is merely rewriting statement S1 in equation form.



After acting on S at ψi, A persists-- There is no reason why it should vanish suddenly in a close system-- and continues to act on S at ψj. Hence we have



Α : Sψj → Sψk where j ≠ k--------------- [S2]



Α : Sψk →Sψl where k ≠ l--------------- [S3]



Α : Sψl →Sψm where l ≠ m------------- [S4]



and so on.



From these we can get



Âψj = ψk--------------------------------- [E2]



Âψk = ψl--------------------------------- [E3]



Âψl = ψm ------------------------------- [E4]



and so on.



Given the set of equations [E1], [E2], [E3],..., can we say anything about Âψ?



Is it correct to say that Âψ = aψ, where "a" is a function independent of ψ?



Let ℝ be the set {ψ1, ψ2,... ψi,...ψj,...ψk,....}



ℝ = (All possible ψ's}



So, Â maps each ψ of ℝ into another ψ of ℝ and, by inspection, it looks plausible that the Âψ = aψ is a solution to the set of equations {E1], {E2], ...



I cannot give a rigorous mathematical proof that this is so but maybe a more concrete example could show that this is highly plausible:



Let ℂ be a set of all boys in a class



ℂ = {All b's in a class), where b = boy



Specifically, the boys are Stephen, John, Martin, Robert, Ian, Phillip,...

Therefore,

ℂ = {s, j, m, r, i, p,.... }



Now, T is the teacher who is directing the boys to play a game of passing on a relay-stick. When one particular boy gets the stick, the teacher decides to whom it should be handed to according to a set of rules the teacher has in his head.



We do not yet know what that set of rules is but we can note down how the relay-stick is passed along among the boys. For example, initially Martin is holding the stick and the teacher instructs him to pass it to Stephen. So,



Tm = s



And then the teacher instruct Stephen to pass it to Phillip and so on...



Ts = p



Tp = r



Tr = j



and so on.



From the above, what can we say about "Tb"? We know that it has to be a "b" (boy) but there are constraints. The only way to make an consistent equation is to have



Tb = (attachment)b



In this particular example, the attachment might be a description of the set of rules the teacher uses to decide how the boys should pass the stick along. If the rules are known, all the teacher's instructions can be worked out without actually following the passing of the relay-stick.



Now going back to Âψ. By analogy, it seems reasonable to assume that the operator equation, Âψ = aψ, where the attachment is "a", is the solution to the set of equations {E1], [E2], [E3],... What's more, from what we already know about operator equations, the relationship between the attachment "a" and ψ should be one of multiplication (algebraic or matrix).



Assuming that the above arguments are valid it appears that, just from the definition of a Dynamical System being a physical system that changes, one can show that the driver of that change, the physical agent A, should have a corresponding operator  that is governed by an equation that is in the form of an operator equation, Âψ = aψ, where "a" should reflect the nature of Â, and therefore of A.



Kan at kanak53@hotmail.com

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