Part 2 of Yesterday's Reply by Me, Touching On
1) 3 POSITIVES OF SPACE-TIME, BLACK HOLES AND GRAVITY BALANCED BY A NEGATIVE HIGHER DIMENSION,
2) MICROWAVE BACKGROUND WITHOUT A BIG BANG, AND ALTERNATIVE TO INFLATION,
3) SUPERPOSED ELECTROMAGNETISM AND GRAVITY, QUANTUM SUPERPOSED PHOTON AND GRAVITON,
4) COSMIC EXPANSION VIA BARYON ACOUSTIC OSCILLATIONS,
5) RELATING MASS GENERATION BY PHOTON-GRAVITON INTERACTION TO BLACK HOLES, THE SOLAR NEBULA AND THE HIGGS BOSON,
6) HOLOGRAPHIC UNIVERSE, 5TH-DIMENSIONAL HYPERSPACE, AND DARK ENERGY
According to "WHY THE REAL UNIVERSE IS NOT MATHEMATICAL" by Joe Fisher (http://fqxi.org/data/essay-contest-files/Fisher_WHY_THE_REAL_UNIVERS.pdf) - "Because the mathematicians' used an erroneous abstract zero, the physicists assumed that there must be a zero physical state. Stephen Hawking even postulated that there must have only been an abstract total nothing about thirteen and three quarters of a billion abstract light years ago, when for some unknowable reason, it abstractly exploded in an abstract big bang."
I was contemplating a long reply to this but after posting the first part of the reply yesterday (you can view that on this page under the date Feb. 5, 2015), Joe replied that "Photons and gravitons are abstractions." Since I believe photons and gravitons are real and central to my ideas, Joe won't be interested in the second part of my reply so I'm writing this for my own mental exercise (and for anyone who stumbles upon this page and thinks there might be something interesting here).
3 POSITIVES OF SPACE-TIME, BLACK HOLES AND GRAVITY BALANCED BY A NEGATIVE HIGHER DIMENSION
The space-time we live in is described by ordinary [or "real"] numbers which, when multiplied by themselves, result in positive numbers e.g. 2x2=4, and -2 x-2 also equals 4. Inverted (modelled on the Mobius loop - see my essay) positive space-time becomes negative hyperspace which is described by so-called imaginary numbers that give negative results when multiplied by themselves e.g. i multiplied by itself gives -1. Many scientists say gravity is negative and balances space-time which is labelled positive ["The Grand Design" by Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow - Bantam Press, 2010, p.180]. This article says space-time's warps (which General Relativity says are gravity) would also be positive. It agrees with Professors Hawking and Mlodinow that black holes are positive, and claims the negative balance to space-time is an equal quantity of mass in a higher dimension. They say gravity is negative because it's attractive. This article aims to show that gravity repels and is indeed positive (the section in my essay about the Sun and Moon affecting Earth's tides is perhaps the best explanation of gravity's apparent attraction - it's Note #3).
The universe is the things in space and time and, since General Relativity says gravitation is the warping of space-time, the universe is a giant gravity field (remember the statement in my Feb. 5 reply about it forming all reality, including matter and electromagnetism). Gravity does not need to travel - the gravitational field already exists everywhere. Nevertheless, any disturbance (from the waving of your hand to explosion of a supernova) will send ripples called gravitational waves through the universe. Since gravity makes electromagnetism, the universe is also a giant electromagnetic field. Electromagnetism is ubiquitous and doesn't need to travel, but any disturbance sends out electromagnetic waves.
MICROWAVE BACKGROUND WITHOUT A BIG BANG, AND ALTERNATIVE TO INFLATION
Electromagnetism's property of existing everywhere naturally means things like microwaves must be everywhere, and there would be a Cosmic Microwave Background whether the Big Bang and Inflation occurred or not. The electromagnetic field's superposition on the gravity field also means gravitational imprints would be found in the microwave background by experiments like BICEP2. However, such detection does not necessarily confirm either the Big Bang or inflation. The universe would not be unified to near-uniform temperature and curvature by the whole cosmos having once been small enough for everything to be in contact, then undergoing extremely rapid expansion from a big bang during a period called inflation. It would be quantum entangled (unified) by everything having the same origin of binary digits. The digits unite everything in time and space in the same way that 1's and 0's form an image. Even if that image contains many seemingly separate elements, it's actually a single image.
SUPERPOSED ELECTROMAGNETISM AND GRAVITY, QUANTUM SUPERPOSED PHOTON AND GRAVITON
The popular phrase "quantum superposition" can refer to photons and gravitons. Mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot coined the word fractal in 1975 (a fractal is a shape such that, if you look at a small piece of the shape, then it looks the same as the original, just on a smaller scale - it is used to describe coastlines, mountain ranges, etc). The fractal versions of superposed electromagnetism and gravitation are, respectively, the quantum superposed photon and graviton.
COSMIC EXPANSION VIA BARYON ACOUSTIC OSCILLATIONS
Gravity makes matter and mass, too - so there's no need to call on big bangs or inflation to explain the universe. According to my essay, human computer science's binary digits of 1 and 0 can be "recycled" from their advanced development in centuries to come back to 13.8 billion years ago. There; they could bring into being this observable portion of what seems to be an infinite, eternal cosmos. The beginnings of the infinite number of observable-size universes would, of course, be literally infinite. The beginning of the universe as a whole is therefore forever lost in infinity and we may as well say there was no beginning. But back to OUR observable part of the universe - a gravitational wave could be transmitted to the centre of a BAO (baryon acoustic oscillation; which refers to a regular, periodic fluctuation in the density of the visible matter of the Universe). Matter would be created at the BAO's centre if the temperature allows the gravity wave to interact with photons -
RELATING MASS GENERATION BY PHOTON-GRAVITON INTERACTION TO BLACK HOLES, THE SOLAR NEBULA AND THE HIGGS BOSON
A supernova blows off some material before exploding and this forms a slower moving, cooler shell - "Rapid formation of large dust grains in the luminous supernova 2010jl" by Christa Gall, Jens Hjorth, Darach Watson, Eli Dwek, Justyn R. Maund, Ori Fox, Giorgos Leloudas, Daniele Malesani & Avril C. Day-Jones. It was published online on July 9, 2014 (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13558.html). Travelling at light speed, gravitational and electromagnetic radiation (consisting of binary digits) from the blast slams into that material - see "c^2 and the Atom" plus "Gravitational Radiation" near the start of my essay. The lower temperature allows the energy of the gravitons to interact with that of the photons, producing mass in the form of dust i.e. dust particles condense in the shell. In the same way, waves from deep space can produce graviton-photon interaction, forming collapsing clouds of dust and gas from which stars form. If there's no interaction as a result of higher temperatures, no matter is created and there is no cloud of gas and dust. A black hole - formed of gravitational waves and their precursors, binary digits - could result. (It's possible that the gravitons of gravitational waves and photons of electromagnetic waves could be ultimately composed of the binary digits of 1 and 0 encoding pi, e, в€љ2 etc [because the cosmos seems to be fundamentally mathematical]. Matter particles [and even bosons like the Higgs, W and Z particles] could receive their mass by gravitons/photons interacting in "wave packets" - explaining wave-particle duality).
HOLOGRAPHIC UNIVERSE, 5TH-DIMENSIONAL HYPERSPACE, AND DARK ENERGY
As succeeding gravity waves condense into matter at a BAO's centre, matter already present in the centre would be pushed out of the way and the universe expands. Physicist Brian Greene's "...projection of that ... reality that is ... akin to a holographic movie" [The Hidden Reality" by Brian Greene - Knopf [January 25, 2011] and quantum physicist David Bohm's "...projections from another dimension ... that is beyond both space and time" ["David Bohm's Holographic Universe" - http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Physics-David-Bohm-Holographic-Universe.htm] could be interpreted as "projections of binary digits from a 5th-dimensional hyperspace* which become matter, energy, force and space-time in the known 4 dimensions" (by the way, this makes binary digits a candidate for explaining accelerating universal expansion, and a candidate for explaining dark energy).
According to Wikipedia, GEO600 is a gravitational wave detector located near Sarstedt in the South of Hanover, Germany. On January 15, 2009, it was reported in New Scientist ("Our world may be a giant hologram") that some yet unidentified noise that was present in the GEO600 detector measurements might be because the instrument is sensitive to extremely small quantum fluctuations of space-time affecting the positions of parts of the detector. This claim was made by Craig Hogan, a scientist from Fermilab. Should the noise be definitely linked to extremely small quantum fluctuations (researchers will soon begin the initial search and expect results by 2015), it could be seen as support for my idea of binary digits forming space-time.