Georgina,
I have reviewed other parts of your essay in some detail, but my original reply was limited to the statement you made concerning time.
You have a lot of interesting material in your essay to provoke discussion. You quoted Max Tegmark, and I quoted Sir Arthur Eddington in my IEEE paper, "My conclusion is that not only the laws of nature but the constants of nature can be deduced from epistemological considers, so that we can have a priori knowledge of them." There is a nuance of difference between intuition and priori, with both Tegmark and Eddington giving our species some unusual capability.
Your approach is quite different from the way I used to describe assumptions. I had never heard of Edward de Bono's thinking hats, so I had to learn what that meant in the context of how you presented material concerning assumptions.
Your approach to describing assumptions by using Color Coded Thinking Hat Logic (CCTHL) sets exposes you to the consequences of the completeness and validity of the material in the sets. A postulate is supposed to be based upon the factual validity of some preceding material. You stated in the preceding logic set, that item 3, "Time is a dimension of external reality", is a "wrong assumption." Earlier, in the Magic paragraph, you made this statement, "the human tendency to draw strong conclusions from incomplete information." A postulate is a rather strong conclusion about the validity of the facts it is based upon. In the item 3 postulate, I am aware you made a statement that can be mathematically contradicted, because you have "incomplete information." I just happened to have knowledge about the mathematical process, although published, that hasn't been widely or properly disseminated, even though it was distributed to 405,000 IEEE members.
When I came to the diagram on page 4, I had an expectation to see some logic diagram based upon the CCHTL , which would match the colors. I did not find the diagram helpful.
In your section," What is an object and what is a clock?", you make the statement, "Independent inanimate objects such as rods and clocks do not change in response to being observed in different ways." A clock is a specific form of an object that provides a function and depending upon its form, it is quite easy to get a different result depending upon the method of observation.
As an electrical engineer, I have a particular bias on how a photon should be described, and your Yellow hat section, item 14, has a close fit to my bias. Physicists tend not to use the terms polarization and frequency.