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Thanks James,

The one and only velocity through space-time is c.

When matter is caught in the fourth expanding dimension, it moves at c relative to the three spatial dimensions and appears as photons. When matter is stationary in our lab, it is mostly propagating at c relative to the fourth dimension, which is only because the fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative...

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Thanks James,

The one and only velocity through space-time is c.

When matter is caught in the fourth expanding dimension, it moves at c relative to the three spatial dimensions and appears as photons. When matter is stationary in our lab, it is mostly propagating at c relative to the fourth dimension, which is only because the fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions.

To move at c through the three spatial dimensions means to be stationary in the fourth dimension, as is the timeless, ageless photon. Ergo the fourth dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions. The *only* way to stay stationary in the fourth dimension is to move at c. The instant a photon is measured, it is no longer timeless and ageless, as it no longer exists in a single locality defined by the expanding fourth dimension, whose expansion distributes locality.

Brian Greene has a treatment of this in the Elegant Universe, where he almost relaizes Moving Dimensions Theory, but falls just short:

MDT & Brian Greene’s Elegant Universe:

In An Elegant Universe, Brian Greene almost characterizes Moving Dimensions Theory’s deeper reality:

“Einstein found that precisely this idea—the sharing of motion between different dimensions—underlies all of the remarkable physics of special relativity, so long as we realize that not only can spatial dimensions share an object’s motion, but the time dimension can share this motion as well. In fact, in the majority of circumstances, most of an object’s motion is through time, not space. Let’s see what this means.” Space, Time, and the Eye of the Beholder, An Elegant Universe, Brian Greene, p. 49

Right here Brian almost grasps MDT. But time is not a dimension. Time is an emergent phenomenon that arises because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c. Let’s rewrite Brian’s paragraph with MDT's insights:

“Einstein found that precisely this idea—the sharing of motion between different dimensions—underlies all of the remarkable physics of special relativity, so long as we realize that not only can the three spatial dimensions share an object’s motion, but the fourth dimension, which is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions, can share this motion as well. In fact, in the majority of circumstances, most of an object’s motion is through the fourth dimension, not the three spatial dimensions. Let’s see what this means.” Space, Time, and the Eye of the Beholder, An Elegant Universe, Brian Greene, p. 49

Most objects are traveling far less than c through the three spatial dimensions. Thus most objects are traveling close to the rate of c through the fourth dimension. To be stationary in the three spatial dimensions implies a velocity of c through the fourth dimension. Ergo the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. To be stationary in the fourth expandning dimension, as is the timeless, ageless, nonlocal photon, implies a velocity of c through the three spatial dimensions. Ergo the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.

dx(4)/dt = ic

Brian Greene continues:

“Motion through space is a concept we learn about early in life. Although we often don’t think of things in such terms, we also learn that we, our friends, our belongings, and so forth all move through time, as well. When we look at a clock or a wristwatch, even while we idly sit and watch TV, the reading on the watch is constantly changing, constantly “moving forward in time.” We and everything around us are aging, inevitably passing from one moment of time to the next. In fact, the mathematician Hermann Minkowski, and ultimately Einstein as well, advocated thinking about time as another dimension of the universe—the fourth dimension—in some ways quite similar to the three spatial dimensions in which we find ourselves immersed.” Space, Time, and the Eye of the Beholder, An Elegant Universe, Brian Greene, p. 49

What Greene misses is that the time measured on your watch—the ticking seconds—is not the fourth dimension, but it is a phenomenon that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The time measured on a clock or watch relies on the emission and propagation of photons, be it in the context of an unwinding clock spring or an oscillating quartz crystal, or even the beating of a heart. And photons are matter that surf the fourth expanding dimension. As time is so inextricably wed to the emission and propagation of photons, and as photons are matter caught in the fourth expanding dimension, our notion of “time” inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension. But the fact is that time emerges from a deeper physical reality—a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.

Brian Green continues on, heading off in the wrong direction that just misses the central postulate of MDT:

“Although it sounds abstract, the notion of time as a dimension is actually concrete.”

But it is not. Can you move to where your watch reads three seconds back in time? Or can you move to where your watch reads an hour back in time? We can walk left or right. We can climb up or down. We can move forwards or backwards. But we can’t move through time like we can through the three spatial dimensions. This is because time, as measured on our watch, is not the fourth dimension, but it is a construct we have devised which is based on the fundamental fact that the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, governing the emission and propagation of photons, by which time is known and measured on our watches.

Brian Green continues on,

“When we want to meet someone, we tell them where “in space” we will expect to see them—for instance, the 9th floor of the building on the corner of 53rd Street and 7th avenue. There are three pieces of information here (9th floor, 53rd Street, 7th avenue) reflecting a particular location in the three spatial dimensions of the universe. Equally important, however, is our expectation of when we expect to meet them—for instance, at 3 PM. This piece of information tells us where “in time” our meeting will take place. Events are therefore specified by four pieces of information: three in space and one in time. Such data, it is said, specifies the location of the event in space and in time, or in spacetime, for short. In this sense, time is another dimension.”

But again, time is different from the three spatial dimensions. Time is inextricably wed to our sense of the past—the order stored in our memory, long with our ability to imagine and dream of future events. The present is where we put our dreams into action. However, the time defined by past, present, and future is not a dimension akin to the three spatial dimensions, but rather it is a phenomenon that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, at the rate of c.

You write, "So I don't think Einstein and Minkowski went far enough. They covered measurement, and how events in one reference frame would appear to an observer in another reference frame. That is quite useful in itself, but the real picture seems to be fundamentally much larger than what they covered. We need to go beyond Einstein and include temporal motion, which in turn requires a consideration of non-directional motion, speeds greater than light, non-locality, and so forth. Even better, we need to learn how to think in terms of "motional dimensions" directly, instead of space and time dimensions."

Yes! Feynman sought this mechanism for the ever constant motion of time! He sought source of time's arrows and assymmetries!!

And MDT provides this *physical* mechanism for time and all change, and a while host of other physical phenomena.

Indeed, MDT finally provides, in Feyman's words, "the thing that makes the whole phenomena of the world seem to go one way." Time has a definitive arrow because the dx4/dt=ic, or the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c. Ergo radiation, which is but matter caught upon the expanding nonlocality of the fourth exapnding dimension, expands outward, but never inward. Ergo time and all its arrows and asymmetries, as well as entropy, as more fully elaborated on in my paper.

Feynman stated, "Now if the world of nature is made of atoms, and we too are made of atoms and obey physical laws, the most obvious interpretation of this evident distinction between past and future, and this irreversibility of all phenomena, would be that some laws, some of the motion laws of the atoms, are going one way – that the atom laws are not such that they can go either way. There should be somewhere in the works some kind of principle that uxles only make wuxles, and never vice versa, and so the world is turning away from uxley character to wuxley character all the time – and this one-way business of the interactions of things should be the thing that makes the whole phenomena of the world seem to go one way. But we have not found this yet. That is, in all the laws of physics that we have found so far there does not seem to be any distinction between the past and the future. The moving picture should work the same going both ways, and the physicist who looks at it should not laugh."--(The Distinction of Past and Future, from The Character of Physical Law, Richard Feynman, 1965)

MDT has finally found "the thing that makes the whole phenomena of the world seem to go one way."

To be stationary in a lab means to move at c through the fourth dimension. So it is that absolute rest may be defined as maximal aging, but this can never be ascertained in an inertial frame cutoff from the surrounding environment, as time is measured relative to the velocity of light and distance, which are ultimately measured relative to time. This tautological definition of time and the velocity of light and the velocity of light and time is something Einstein noted.

Best,

Dr. E (The Real McCoy)

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Thanks Juan,

Firstoff, do you agree with these simple proofs of MDT?

"Simple, logical proofs of MDT:

MDT PROOF#1: Relativity tells us that a timeless, ageless photon remains in one place in the fourth dimension. Quantum mechanics tells us that a photon propagates as a spherically-

3

symmetric expanding wavefront at the velocity of c. Ergo, the fourth dimension...

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Thanks Juan,

Firstoff, do you agree with these simple proofs of MDT?

"Simple, logical proofs of MDT:

MDT PROOF#1: Relativity tells us that a timeless, ageless photon remains in one place in the fourth dimension. Quantum mechanics tells us that a photon propagates as a spherically-

3

symmetric expanding wavefront at the velocity of c. Ergo, the fourth dimension must be expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c, in a spherically-symmetric manner. The expansion of the fourth dimension is the source of nonlocality, entanglement, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, c, relativity, entropy, free will, and all motion, change, and measurement, for no measurement can be made without change. For the first time in the history of relativity, change has been wedded to the fundamental fabric of spacetime in MDT.

MDT PROOF#2: Einstein (1912 Man. on Rel.) and Minkowski wrote x4=ict. Ergo dx4/dt=ic.

MDT PROOF#3: The only way to stay stationary in the three spatial dimensions is to move at c through the fourth dimension. The only way to stay stationary in the fourth dimension is to move at c through the three spatial dimensions. Ergo the fourth dimension is moving at c relative to the three spatial dimensions.

MDT twitter proof (limited to 140 characters): SR: photon is stationary in 4th dimension. QM: photon is probability wave expanding @ c. Ergo: 4th dimension expands @ c & MDT: dx4/dt=ic –from http://twitter.com/45surf"

Secondly, MDT has been experimentally verified:

MDT and the GPS Clocks/Twins Paradox

My solution was really for the very concept of time, that is, that time is not absolutely defined but there is an inseparable connection between time and the signal [light] velocity.52 –Einstein

Anyone who uses or benefits from GPS readily admits the glaring asymmetry in the twins paradox, and thus that there must be a frame of absolute rest and a frame of absolute motion. Now Einstein’s Principle of Relativity is also absolutely true, as due to MDT’s dx4/dt=ic’s inextricable linking of light, time, change, and dimension in all acts of measurements, it is impossible to conduct experiments allowing one to fathom relative motion in the confines of an inertial frame. But the empirical fact that the GPS clocks on the orbiting satellites must be adjusted for relativistic time dilation, testify to the fact that their frame of reference is fundamentally different from the earthbound clocks’. MDT accounts for this asymmetry in the twin paradox/GPS, while also fully supporting the mathematics of Einstein’s relativity and Principle of Relativity, which is derived from dx4/dt=ic in Dr. E’s Time as an Emergent Phenomena. MDT proposes a frame of absolute motion—the fourth expanding dimension which photons surf, supported by the empirical facts that 1) a photon is in a state of absolute motion, having no rest mass; and 2) a timeless, ageless, nonlocal photon remains in one place in the fourth dimension, whose expansion is the source of nonlocality.

Experimental Proofs of MDT

In addition to the GPS asymmetry which proves MDT, let us study the fourth dimension via experiment in earthbound labs. A photon, which is known to stay stationary in the fourth dimension, provides the ideal physical entity and tool to probe and characterize the fourth dimension on a physical level, so let us study a photon as it is emitted from a source. Via numerous experiments ranging from double-slit interference experiments to those demonstrating nonlocal entanglement, the photon, in its simplest, most natural form, exists as a nonlocal, spherically-symmetric, probabilistic wave-front expanding at c. As relativity tells us that the timeless, ageless, nonlocal photon remains in one place in the fourth dimension, we can deduce that the fourth dimension must be a spherically-symmetric expanding wavefront of locality, supported directly by experimental evidence and observation, thusly proving MDT’s postulate of a fourth expanding dimension and equation dx4/dt=ic.

Best,

Dr. E

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Thanks Juan,

No--all of relativity is derived form MDT's simple postulate and equation:

The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, or dx4/dt=ic.

Give me a universe with x1, x2, x3, x4 and wherein dx4/dt=ic and all of relativity naturally arises, including Einstein's Principle of Relativity and his two postualtes.

Relativity is derived...

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Thanks Juan,

No--all of relativity is derived form MDT's simple postulate and equation:

The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, or dx4/dt=ic.

Give me a universe with x1, x2, x3, x4 and wherein dx4/dt=ic and all of relativity naturally arises, including Einstein's Principle of Relativity and his two postualtes.

Relativity is derived from MDT in my 2008 paper:

http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/238

MDT liberates us from the block universe as it stipulates, like Einstein, that time is not the fourth dimension but that x4 = ict.

Time as we measure it on our watches is but a phenomenon that arises because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at c--carrying photons--the harbingers of time. This time inherits qualities of the fourth dimension in the mathematics of relativity, but time is not the fourth dimension. Rather x4 = ict.

This is why time travel into the past is impossible, and it is why the block universe does not exist, and also why we have free will. The time dimension in block universe diagrams is but a mathematical artifact and tool.

dx4/dt=ic weaves change into the fundamental fabric of space-time for the first time in the history of relativity.

"And from that pinnacle, a novel physical theory is proposed, complete with a novel physical model celebrating a hitherto unsung universal invariant and an equation reflecting the foundational physical reality of a fourth dimension expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c, or dx4/dt=ic, providing both the “elementary foundations” for relativity and QM’s “characteristic trait”—entanglement, and its nonlocal, probabilistic nature. From MDT’s experimentally-verified equation relativity is derived while time is unfrozen and free will exalted, while a physical model accounting for quantum nonlocality is presented. Entropy, Huygens’ Principle; the wave/particle, energy/mass, space/time, and E/B dualities; and time and all its arrows and asymmetries emerge from a common, foundational physical model. MDT exalts Einstein’s “empirical facts,” “naturalness,” and “logical simplicity.” For the first time in the history of relativity, change is woven into the fabric of space-time, and the timeless, ageless, nonlocal photon of Galileo’s/Einstein’s “empirical world” is explained via a foundational physical model, alongside the fact that c is both constant and the maximum velocity in the universe. The empirical GPS clocks’ time dilation/twins paradox is resolved by proposing a frame of absolute rest—the three spatial dimensions, and a frame of absolute motion—the fourth expanding dimension upon which ageless photons of zero rest mass surf; which underlie and give rise to Einstein’s Principle of Relativity."

Best,

Dr. E :)

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p.s. MDT is more fundamental than relativity and it also grants us entropy and QM's characteristic trait--entanglement.

An added benefit are all the other entities dx4/dt=ic accounts for with a physical model, ranging from entropy, to QM's entanglement and nonlocality, to time and all its arrows. MDT accomplishes a diverse array of physical feats:

∗provides the “elementary...

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p.s. MDT is more fundamental than relativity and it also grants us entropy and QM's characteristic trait--entanglement.

An added benefit are all the other entities dx4/dt=ic accounts for with a physical model, ranging from entropy, to QM's entanglement and nonlocality, to time and all its arrows. MDT accomplishes a diverse array of physical feats:

∗provides the “elementary foundations” for Einstein’s relativity and Schrodinger’s “characteristic trait” of QM—entanglement.

∗unfreezes time & liberates us from the block universe, allowing for and exalting free will

∗weaves change into the fundamental fabric of space-time for the first time in the history of relativity

∗derives relativity from a more fundamental universal invariant: dx4/dt=ic

∗provides a physical model for entropy

∗provides a physical model for quantum entanglement (QM’s characteristic trait)

∗provides a physical mechanism for nonlocality—the fourth expanding dimension distributes locality

∗provides a physical model unifying the dualities—space/time, energy/mass, wave/particle, E/B

∗provides a physical model for the invariance of c—both its independence of the source and its independence of the observer

∗provides a physical model for the spherically-symmetric expanding wave-front of probability that defines a photon's path

∗offers a resolution for both the EPR Paradox and Godel's problems with the block universe relativity implied

∗offers a physical model for why nothing can move faster than c.

∗offers an intuitive model for the length-contraction can accompanies all motion

∗accounts for both the agelessness (from relativity—nonlocality in time) and the nonlocality (from QM) of the photon

∗accounts for the gravitational slowing of time and light, as well as the gravitational redshift

∗provides a unique physical model underlying wide-ranging phenomena in quantum mechanics, relativity, and statistical mechanics.

*provides a physical model for time and all its arrows and asymmetries

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Thanks Jayakar,

The beauty of MDT is that it offers a *physical* model underlying QM and relativity and a *physical* theory, actually proposing a new fundamental *physical* invariant--that of a fourth expanding dimension which expands at c.

And all of a sudden, we have a *physical* model and *physical* reasons for entanglement, entropy, and relativity.

MDT is more fundamental...

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Thanks Jayakar,

The beauty of MDT is that it offers a *physical* model underlying QM and relativity and a *physical* theory, actually proposing a new fundamental *physical* invariant--that of a fourth expanding dimension which expands at c.

And all of a sudden, we have a *physical* model and *physical* reasons for entanglement, entropy, and relativity.

MDT is more fundamental than relativity and it also grants us entropy and QM's characteristic trait--entanglement.

An added benefit are all the other entities dx4/dt=ic accounts for with a physical model, ranging from entropy, to QM's entanglement and nonlocality, to time and all its arrows. MDT accomplishes a diverse array of physical feats:

∗provides the “elementary foundations” for Einstein’s relativity and Schrodinger’s “characteristic trait” of QM—entanglement.

∗unfreezes time & liberates us from the block universe, allowing for and exalting free will

∗weaves change into the fundamental fabric of space-time for the first time in the history of relativity

∗derives relativity from a more fundamental universal invariant: dx4/dt=ic

∗provides a physical model for entropy

∗provides a physical model for quantum entanglement (QM’s characteristic trait)

∗provides a physical mechanism for nonlocality—the fourth expanding dimension distributes locality

∗provides a physical model unifying the dualities—space/time, energy/mass, wave/particle, E/B

∗provides a physical model for the invariance of c—both its independence of the source and its independence of the observer

∗provides a physical model for the spherically-symmetric expanding wave-front of probability that defines a photon's path

∗offers a resolution for both the EPR Paradox and Godel's problems with the block universe relativity implied

∗offers a physical model for why nothing can move faster than c.

∗offers an intuitive model for the length-contraction can accompanies all motion

∗accounts for both the agelessness (from relativity—nonlocality in time) and the nonlocality (from QM) of the photon

∗accounts for the gravitational slowing of time and light, as well as the gravitational redshift

∗provides a unique physical model underlying wide-ranging phenomena in quantum mechanics, relativity, and statistical mechanics.

*provides a physical model for time and all its arrows and asymmetries

Best,

Dr. E

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Many of you would also enjoy my essay from last year, wherein relativity is derived form MDT's simple postulate and equation:

http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/238

TOPIC: Time as an Emergent Phenomenon: Traveling Back to the Heroic Age of Physics by Elliot McGucken

Essay Abstract

In his 1912 Manuscript on Relativity, Einstein never stated that time is the fourth...

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Many of you would also enjoy my essay from last year, wherein relativity is derived form MDT's simple postulate and equation:

http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/238

TOPIC: Time as an Emergent Phenomenon: Traveling Back to the Heroic Age of Physics by Elliot McGucken

Essay Abstract

In his 1912 Manuscript on Relativity, Einstein never stated that time is the fourth dimension, but rather he wrote x4 = ict. The fourth dimension is not time, but ict. Despite this, prominent physicists have oft equated time and the fourth dimension, leading to un-resolvable paradoxes and confusion regarding time’s physical nature, as physicists mistakenly projected properties of the three spatial dimensions onto a time dimension, resulting in curious concepts including frozen time and block universes in which the past and future are omni-present, thusly denying free will, while implying the possibility of time travel into the past, which visitors from the future have yet to verify. Beginning with the postulate that time is an emergent phenomenon resulting from a fourth dimension expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c, diverse phenomena from relativity, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics are accounted for. Time dilation, the equivalence of mass and energy, nonlocality, wave-particle duality, and entropy are shown to arise from a common, deeper physical reality expressed with dx4/dt=ic. This postulate and equation, from which Einstein’s relativity is derived, presents a fundamental model accounting for the emergence of time, the constant velocity of light, the fact that the maximum velocity is c, and the fact that c is independent of the velocity of the source, as photons are but matter surfing a fourth expanding dimension. In general relativity, Einstein showed that the dimensions themselves could bend, curve, and move. The present theory extends this principle, postulating that the fourth dimension is moving independently of the three spatial dimensions, distributing locality and fathering time. This physical model underlies and accounts for time in quantum mechanics, relativity, and statistical mechanics, as well as entropy, the universe’s expansion, and time’s arrows.

“More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken’s I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet for graduate school in physics. . . I say this on the basis of close contacts with him over the past year and a half. . . I gave him as an independent task to figure out the time factor in the standard Schwarzchild expression around a spherically-symmetric center of attraction. I gave him the proofs of my new general-audience, calculus-free book on general relativity, A Journey Into Gravity and Space Time. There the space part of the Schwarzchild geometric is worked out by purely geometric methods. “Can you, by poor-man’s reasoning, derive what I never have, the time part?” He could and did, and wrote it all up in a beautifully clear account. . . .his second junior paper . . .entitled Within a Context, was done with another advisor, and dealt with an entirely different part of physics, the Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky experiment and delayed choice experiments in general. . . this paper was so outstanding. . . I am absolutely delighted that this semester McGucken is doing a project with the cyclotron group on time reversal asymmetry. Electronics, machine-shop work and making equipment function are things in which he now revels. But he revels in Shakespeare, too. Acting the part of Prospero in the Tempest. . . ” --John Archibald Wheeler, Princeton University, Recommendation for Elliot McGucken for Admission to Graduate School of Physics

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I agree ,Rational indeed ,an entanglement ,predicted with fundamentals, will give the best results .

The number of entangled spheres is specific I think like an universal link between spheres .

And furtheremore possesses others properties like the volumes ,the velocities of rot ,the senses ,the directions ,the angles .Thus the lattices too are specifics .

Sometimes ,I imagine...

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I agree ,Rational indeed ,an entanglement ,predicted with fundamentals, will give the best results .

The number of entangled spheres is specific I think like an universal link between spheres .

And furtheremore possesses others properties like the volumes ,the velocities of rot ,the senses ,the directions ,the angles .Thus the lattices too are specifics .

Sometimes ,I imagine the lattices like an ultim liquid and the quantum spheres and their rotations like an other incompressible

liquid ,with a spherical membran where all spheres are in contact in the strong interactions ,thus for the rotation ,it's well thought .

About the specific entanglement ,it's probably correlated with our cosmological sphere, thus ,the specific entanglement can be correlated with the strong and weak interactions ,more the gravity and electromagnetism evidently .The rotations have many combinations.

The evolution point of vue is essential in my opinion ,the mass

increases .

Even our spherical waves ,let's imagine the dark matter like quantum spheres without rotation ,

thus all quantum spheres are linked with the contact of their membrans .

The evolution and the thermodynamic laws of our Universal sphere can imply many activation of these non activated spheres .

If an expansion was a step ,a possible harmonious contraction is possible towards the perfect balance of spheres ,our future universal spheres and its spheres .If all is linked in the evolution ,thus all must be re_considered with rationality .

Could you tell me more about your theory ,it's relevant in fact and that permits me to encircle better some works .What are these dimensions physically speaking and why they move ?

Sincerely

Steve

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Please see attached paper!

“More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken’s I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . .” –John Archibald Wheeler, Princeton University

On Deriving Relativity & Entanglement from MDT’s Fundamental Physical Reality: dx4/dt=ic

What is Ultimately Possible in Physics? Physics! A Hero’s Journey with...

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Please see attached paper!

“More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken’s I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . .” –John Archibald Wheeler, Princeton University

On Deriving Relativity & Entanglement from MDT’s Fundamental Physical Reality: dx4/dt=ic

What is Ultimately Possible in Physics? Physics! A Hero’s Journey with Galileo, Newton, Faraday, Maxwell, Planck, Einstein, Schrodinger, Bohr, and the Greats towards Moving Dimensions Theory’s dx4/dt=ic. E pur si muove!

by Dr. Elliot McGucken

dx4/dt=ic

“Equations are more important to me, because politics is for the present, but an equation is something for eternity.” –Albert Einstein

ABSTRACT:

Over the past few decades prominent physicists have noted that physics has diverged away from its classical, heroic journey traditionally defined by describing, fathoming, and characterizing foundational truths of physical reality via simple, elegant, logically-consistent postulates and equations humbling themselves before empirical reality. Herein the spirit of physics is again exalted by the heroic words of the Greats—by Galileo, Newton, Faraday, Maxwell, Planck, Einstein, Bohr, and Schrodinger—the Founding Fathers upon whose shoulders physics stands. And from that pinnacle, a novel physical theory is proposed, complete with a novel physical model celebrating a hitherto unsung universal invariant and an equation reflecting the foundational physical reality of a fourth dimension expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c, or dx4/dt=ic, providing both the “elementary foundations” for relativity which Einstein yet sought and QM’s “characteristic trait”—entanglement, and its nonlocal, probabilistic nature. From MDT’s experimentally-verified equation relativity is derived while time is unfrozen and free will exalted, while a physical model accounting for quantum nonlocality is presented. Entropy, Huygens’ Principle; the wave/particle, energy/mass, space/time, and E/B dualities; and time and all its arrows and asymmetries emerge from a common, foundational physical model. MDT exalts Einstein’s “empirical facts,” “naturalness,” and “logical simplicity.” For the first time in the history of relativity, change is woven into the fabric of space-time, and the timeless, ageless, massless, nonlocal photon of Galileo’s/Einstein’s “empirical world” is explained via a foundational physical model, alongside the fact that c is constant, independent of the source, and the maximum velocity in the universe, as well as the only velocity through space-time. The empirical GPS clocks’ time dilation/twins paradox is resolved by proposing a frame of absolute rest—the three spatial dimensions, and a frame of absolute motion—the fourth expanding dimension upon which ageless photons of zero rest mass surf; which underlie and give rise to Einstein’s Principle of Relativity.

When the solution is simple, God is answering. –Einstein



Galileo, Newton, and Einstein: The Heroic Physicists

Time as an Emergent Phenomenon & Deriving Einstein’s Relativity from Moving Dimensions Theory’s dx4/dt=ic: Traveling Back to the Heroic Age of Physics

In Memory of John Archibald Wheeler

by Dr. Elliot McGucken

MDT’s postulate: The fourth dimensions is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at c. MDT’s equation: dx4/dt=ic.

Simple, logical proofs of MDT:

MDT PROOF#1: Relativity tells us that a timeless, ageless photon remains in one place in the fourth dimension. Quantum mechanics tells us that a photon propagates as a spherically-symmetric expanding wavefront at the velocity of c. Ergo, the fourth dimension must be expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c, in a spherically-symmetric manner. The expansion of the fourth dimension is the source of nonlocality, entanglement, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, c, relativity, entropy, free will, and all motion, change, and measurement, for no measurement can be made without change. For the first time in the history of relativity, change has been wedded to the fundamental fabric of spacetime in MDT.

MDT PROOF#2: Einstein (1912 Man. on Rel.) and Minkowski wrote x4=ict. Ergo dx4/dt=ic.

MDT PROOF#3: The only way to stay stationary in the three spatial dimensions is to move at c through the fourth dimension. The only way to stay stationary in the fourth dimension is to move at c through the three spatial dimensions. Ergo the fourth dimension is moving at c relative to the three spatial dimensions.

MDT twitter proof (limited to 140 characters): SR: photon is stationary in 4th dimension. QM: photon is probability wave expanding @ c. Ergo: 4th dimension expands @ c & MDT: dx4/dt=ic –from http://twitter.com/45surf

ABSTRACT

In his 1912 Manuscript on Relativity, Einstein never stated that time is the fourth dimension, but rather he wrote x4 = ict. The fourth dimension is not time, but ict. Despite this, prominent physicists have oft equated time and the fourth dimension, leading to un-resolvable paradoxes and confusion regarding time’s physical nature, as physicists mistakenly projected properties of the three spatial dimensions onto a time dimension, resulting in curious concepts including frozen time and block universes in which the past and future are omni-present, thusly denying free will, while implying the possibility of time travel into the past, which visitors from the future have yet to verify. Beginning with the postulate that time is an emergent phenomenon resulting from a fourth dimension expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c, diverse phenomena from relativity, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics are accounted for and unified with a hitherto unsung universal invariant dx4/dt=ic. Time dilation, the equivalence of mass and energy, quantum entanglement, nonlocality, wave-particle duality, and entropy are shown to arise from a common, deeper physical reality expressed with dx4/dt=ic. This postulate and equation, from which Einstein’s relativity is derived, presents a fundamental model accounting for the emergence of time, the constant velocity of light, the fact that the maximum velocity is c, and the fact that c is independent of the velocity of the source, as photons are but matter surfing a fourth expanding dimension. In general relativity, Einstein showed that the dimensions themselves could bend, curve, and move. The present theory extends this principle, postulating that the fourth dimension is moving independently of the three spatial dimensions, distributing locality and fathering time. This physical model underlies and accounts for time in quantum mechanics, relativity, and statistical mechanics, as well as entropy, the universe’s expansion, and time’s arrows and asymmetries in all arenas.

“More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken’s I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet for graduate school in physics. . . I say this on the basis of close contacts with him over the past year and a half. . . I gave him as an independent task to figure out the time factor in the standard Schwarzchild expression around a spherically- symmetric center of attraction. I gave him the proofs of my new general-audience, calculus-free book on general relativity, A Journey Into Gravity and Space Time. There the space part of the Schwarzchild geometric is worked out by purely geometric methods. “Can you, by poor-man’s reasoning, derive what I never have, the time part?” He could and did, and wrote it all up in a beautifully clear account. . . .his second junior paper . . .entitled Within a Context, was done with another advisor, and dealt with an entirely different part of physics, the Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky experiment and delayed choice experiments in general. . . this paper was so outstanding. . . I am absolutely delighted that this semester McGucken is doing a project with the cyclotron group on time reversal asymmetry. Electronics, machine-shop work and making equipment function are things in which he now revels. But he revels in Shakespeare, too. Acting the part of Prospero in the Tempest. . . ” --John Archibald Wheeler, Princeton University, Recommendation for Elliot McGucken for Admission to Graduate School of Physics

Dr. Elliot McGucken’s Biography: “Dr. E” received a B.A. in physics from Princeton University and a Ph.D. in physics from UNC Chapel Hill, where his research on an artificial retina, which is now helping the blind see, appeared in Business Week and Popular Science and was awarded a Merrill Lynch Innovations Grant. While at Princeton, McGucken worked on projects concerning quantum mechanics and general relativity with the late John A. Wheeler, and the projects combined to form an appendix treating time as an emergent phenomenon in his dissertation. McGucken is writing a book for the Artistic Entrepreneurship & Technology (artsentrepreneurship.com) curriculum he created.

Please see attached paper!

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Here's an interesting post of mine from an amazon thread:

Moving Dimensions Theory stipulates that there is a frame of absolute rest--the three spatial dimensions (which of course can still bend, curve, and move in the presence of mass), and a frame of absolute motion--the fourth expanding dimension.

Now MDT agrees 100% with relativity. All of relativity's mathematics (the Lorentz...

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Here's an interesting post of mine from an amazon thread:

Moving Dimensions Theory stipulates that there is a frame of absolute rest--the three spatial dimensions (which of course can still bend, curve, and move in the presence of mass), and a frame of absolute motion--the fourth expanding dimension.

Now MDT agrees 100% with relativity. All of relativity's mathematics (the Lorentz transformation/time dialation/E=mc^2) are derived from the fundamental universal invariant dx4/dt=ic, which also gives rise to Einstein's principle of relativity. The brilliance of MDT is that it also unfreezes time (explaining away Godel's paradox of frozen time) while granting us quantum entanglement (explaining away the EPR paradox), while also giving us a *physical* model for time and all its *physical* arrows and asymmetries as well as entropy--a *physical* fact of our reality which relativity never accounted for before MDT came along to exalt relativity with its more elementary *physical* foundations--dx4/dt=ic.

MDT agrees 100% with Einstein's principle of relativity: "If, relative to K, K' is a uniformly moving co-ordinate system devoid of rotation, then natural phenomena run their course with respect to K' according to exactly the same general laws as with respect to K. This statement is called the principle of relativity. -Einstein, 1954"

Now an interesting thing about all your fancy-schmancy math is that you can find no frame wherein a photon has a rest mass. Nor can you find any frame wherein a photon ages.

So right there MDT acknowledges the cold, hard, *physical* fact that a photon never, never ages, and thus, that there is a frame of absolute motion; which implies there must also be a frame of absolute rest.

If you can find a frame wherein a photon ages or wherein it gains mass via your fancy-schmancy math, I will give you a free 45surf t-shirt with the equation dx4/dt=ic on it, but I will cross out the equation as seen here:

http://45surf.smugmug.com/Beautiful-women-45surf-bikini
/entrepreneurship-beautiful/Business-Entrepreneurship-Gold/1
0612006_uWCHv/1/#737989245_kCAz3-X2-LB

You write, "From GR we learn to become very suspicious of coordinates -- there are coordinates which make Minkowski space seem flat and non-static, and there are coordinates that make (a patch of) Minkowski space look like it is expanding (the Milne universe). This trickiness arises because GR allows arbitrary coordinate transformations."

Well, if you can find a trickety-trick-trick coordinate transformation to give a pohton a rest mass, or to make it experience time and age, then I will also become suspicious of coordinates. Until then, dx4/dt=ic.

The machines for measuring time generally use changes in energy to measure time. Changes in energy incorporate the motion of photons, or light. So when we measure the velocity of light, we are always measuring it relative to the velocity of light, and thus it is constant in all frames; and too, a result of this setup brough about by dx4/dt=ic is that it is impossible to perform an experiment in any given inertial frame to detect its absolute motion--Einstein's principle of relativity.

But nonetheless, a photon is always in absolute motion--it has no mass--all of it is in the fourth expanding dimension or dx4/dt=ic.

I just answered a similar question at the bottom of the page here:

http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/511

Please also see my treatment of light clocks and the gravitaional redshift in the context of MDT here:

http://www.fqxi.org/data/forum-attachments/2_6_MOVING_D
IMENSIONS_THEORY_EXAMINES_THE_GRAVITATIONAL_REDSHIFT_SLOWING
_OF_CLOCKS.pdf

(acrobat keeps adding the blank page!)

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