Dear George:
Thanks a lot for reading my paper and providing thoughtful comments as well as questions. Responses are provided below. I would greatly appreciate your feedback if I have adequately addressed all your questions/comments:
1. I completely agree with your statement - "....... I happen to believe the General Relativity Theory is a better theory of gravity than Newtonian theory, and this is supported by solar system tests such as observations of the perihelion of Mercury and gravitational lensing observations, as well as by the necessity of the use of GR corrections in GPS devices. Effects in your theory such as the lack of black holes follow from the use of an incorrect theory of gravity (i.e. one not supported by experiment). "
However, in spite of the well-known successes of the General Relativity (GR) Theory in all those near-field (solar system) areas you noted above, it has been unable to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe without using a Fudge Factor - Cosmological Constant that still remains unexplained (dark energy) on a mechanistic basis. Similarly, on galactic scale, the observed flat rotational velocities and its unknown source -dark matter remain unexplained by GR. Both these unexplained Dark Energy and Dark Matter presumably constitute 96% of the universe that still remains mysterious and paradoxical. The Gravity Nullification Model based Universe Expansion (GNMUE) theory proposed in my paper provides a solution to these paradoxes via including the missing physics of the spontaneous particle decay. The predictions of the proposed GNMUE theory successfully predict the observed data on galactic rotational velocities (figure 9) as well as the accelerated universe expansion exhibited by supernova data (figure 5), which GR fails to predict without a non-zero Λ. These successful predictions vindicate the GNMUE theory on a universal scale, in spite of the demonstrated correctness of GR at solar scale.
Secondly, the so-called Big bang Singularity is caused by confining the entire mass of the universe in a point like (zero) volume leading to an infinite density. GNMUE demonstrates that the root cause of this singularity is the missing physics of spontaneous mass decay or evaporation that dilates mass as the size decreases and radiates the resulting energy as described in the Hawking's Radiation mechanism. While I agree that the Newtonian gravity model used as part of the GNMUE is not as sophisticated and detailed (event horizon) as GR, it is sufficient to demonstrate the impact of the physics of the particle decay in eliminating the singularity paralyzing cosmology today.
Thirdly, in "The New Physics, edited by Paul Davies, Cambridge University Press, 1989", which uses a similar Newtonian mechanics based universe expansion model, it is stated (p. 54) that - "...we will derive the value (critical density) in the context of Newtonian Mechanics, but the answer we will find will agree exactly with the answer implied by Einstein's general relativity."
2. Clarification of the Cosmological Constant:
Below is a response to your comments.
The cosmological constant Λ was proposed by Albert Einstein as an extraneous addition to and modification of his original theory of general relativity to achieve a stationary universe. Einstein abandoned the concept after the observation of the Hubble redshift indicated that the universe might not be stationary. Equation (7) in my paper does not represent an extraneous addition to the original GNMUE equation (6) but only a translation or restatement of the particle decay kinetic energy in the form of a pre-defined constant Λ=3H2/C2 (equation 7) to demonstrate the governing mechanistic physics behind Λ. The kinetic energy term is simply replaced by the term (ΛmC2R2/6) to demonstrate their physical equivalence. While Einstein added an extraneous fudge factor term to his GR equation, GNMUE only replaces the equivalent terms keeping the original governing energy equation (6) intact, howsoever in terms of Λ. Hence, equation (10) is simply translation or restatement of the kinetic energy of the particle decay from equation (6) into the coordinate of the constant defined as Λ=3H2/C2. Hence, KE from equation (6) translates (without any extraneous addition of extra fudge term) into equation (7), which then translates into equation (10) following the definition of the constant Λ=3H2/C2.
In summary, equation (10) is a derivative of equation (6) without any extraneous addition or fudge term. The need for Λ is shown to be entirely eliminated via substituting equation (10) into (6), wherein the universe mass m can be described in terms of radius r and H as in the attached pdf version of equation (6-A) without the need for any extraneous cosmological constant Λ.
3. Response to your comment - "Finally I am unable to see how your model as states in (1)-(6) causes a reformulation of quantum theory, as claimed in section 6."
There is not enough room in the paper but detailed mathematical descriptions of the extended wave-particle model, wave-function collapse, Heisenberg uncertainty, and inner workings of quantum mechanics resolving its paradoxes such as the measurement problem, multiverses, antimatter, quantum gravity etc. are described in Chapter 4 thru 7 (see attached Pdf for Contents of the book). GNM bridges the gap between GR and quantum mechanics explaining the inner working of quantum mechanics in relativistic physics.
Thanking you again for your time to review paper and provide comments. Please let me know if I answered all your questions satisfactorily.
Regards
Avtar SinghAttachment #1: Attachmt_to_Resp_1_G_Ellis_Comments_onAS_Paper_73012_R1.pdf