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FQXi FORUM
CATEGORY: Article Discussions
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TOPIC: The Cosmic Puzzle
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Carroll has it right in considering maybe we are just not at the true vacuum yet, particularly the suggestion that we are heading for a true vacuum, and the notion that the quantum vacuum energy is zero. Vilenkin's nucleated bubble is truly entertaining since it describes our own universe from bang to zero, as it transforms us into dark matter, dark energy, and dark space. Of course the only way the true vacuum can transform ordinary matter into itself is by neutralizing it, as with virtual particles. To get rid of us the true vacuum has to merge ordinary matter with inverse matter, which began when the positively dense singularity in our past collided with a negative singularity. Of course we only observe this event from our positive volume side, in our positive brane, but the inverse brane is out there, inhabited by antimatter copies of ourselves, obeying an anti-time that travels from a negative singularity to zero, contrary to our time arrow from a positive singularity to zero. At the end of the merger there is just the perfect vacuum, not empty but full, the quantum superposition of all possible nucleations of true vacuum in false vacuum. A vacuum is false in being positive or negative, only half of its true self. You see, we just have it all backwards. We are less than the true vacuum not more than. We are inside zero, not arisen above it. The unbroken symmetry is in our future, and never existed in our past. The false vacuums simply exist within the true vacuum, like slices of a whole pie, slices inside zero, the nothing that is everything.
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Just looking for ways that have described the false vacuum to the true.
Physically, the effect can be interpreted as an object moving from the "false vacuum" (where = 0) to the more stable "true vacuum" (where = v). Gravitationally, it is similar to the more familiar case of moving from the hilltop to the valley. In the case of Higgs field, the transformation is accompanied with a "phase change", which endows mass to some of the particles."
Looking at a particular solution for this was introduced for consideration.
The idea behind the Coleman-De Luccia instanton, discovered in 1987, is that the matter in the early universe is initially in a state known as a false vacuum. A false vacuum is a classically stable excited state which is quantum mechanically unstable. In the quantum theory, matter which is in a false vacuum may `tunnel' to its true vacuum state. The quantum tunnelling of the matter in the early universe was described by Coleman and De Luccia. They showed that false vacuum decay proceeds via the nucleation of bubbles in the false vacuum. Inside each bubble the matter has tunnelled. Surprisingly, the interior of such a bubble is an infinite open universe in which inflation may occur. The cosmological instanton describing the creation of an open universe via this bubble nucleation is known as a Coleman-De Luccia instanton.
The theory of strings?
The theory of strings predicts that the universe might occupy one random "valley" out of a virtually infinite selection of valleys in a vast landscape of possibilities See second picture.
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I look forward to the foundational questions by the experts here every Friday. I hope one of those foundational questions will be on, "what in our universe is causing dark energy?"
Even the lay person can ask such a question, that are indeed simple, yet, very important in our assessment on the current views of the universe.
With that depositing some of the information from various sources can indeed help to clarify some of the information that people are coming across to better assess what is being presented from one person to the next. I would question using the "SOHO puzzled sun" in this presentation unless there is some explanation that may help others think about how that dark energy is being represented.
Scientists using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have discovered that dark energy is not a new constituent of space, but rather has been present for most of the universe's history. Dark energy is a mysterious repulsive force that causes the universe to expand at an increasing rate.
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I had an epiphany.
"What is dark energy?"
Accelerating expansion is a product of the stability of the true vacuum. Dark (phantom) energy is essentially the enforcement of the stability of the vacuum. It is like we are in violation of that stability and the big rip is our cosmic punishment.
Sean Carroll mentions "If the universe is eternal, and has an equilibrium state, we should be in that state, but we are not." Similarly, in principle the ultimate stable state is the perfect vacuum. I realize nature seems to disagree in ways, but as a rule empty space remains empty. Energy is neither created nor destroyed. Nothing can come from nothing.
So as the universe expands, in the later stages it becomes increasingly cold and empty, and as the universe approaches nearer to becoming a true vacuum, the dark energy density increases and the expansion rate accelerates in order to establish the absolute stability of the true vacuum.
The universe should be in a stable condition, the vacuum, but isn't. So the vacuum in a sense enforces its law of stability. Dark energy enforces the law of stability by accelerating the universe into a state of being perfectly flat. From our perspective we see expansion accelerating but once space is inflated, once time reaches absolute zero, there is just perfect symmetry, a space that extends infinitely in all directions. There are no quantum fluctuations or virtual particles in the true vacuum since in reference to ordinary matter density space is inflating. In actuality the true vacuum is simply a fully inflated space, a full four dimensional space.
If we start with an absolutely stable true vacuum we can expect a force of resilience against instability, or let's call it a dark energy density that is infinitely strong, that simply maintains or is the stability, just as gravity
"is" the curvature of space-time.
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The expansion maybe just gravity seen from within...
Please see the pdf attachment for how the observations can be explained without “dark energy”.
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